{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3042727736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia416","title":"Legal Knowledge and Information Systems","display_name":"Legal Knowledge and Information Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3042727736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia416","mag":"3042727736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia416","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"edited-book"},"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia416","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109053397","display_name":"Thomas F. Gordon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas F. Gordon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109053397"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1571,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92080703,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12755","display_name":"Legal Education and Practice Innovations","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14012","display_name":"Comparative and International Law Studies","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.44435566663742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4301171898841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.41796499490737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38423749804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2735770344734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.19436436891555786}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.44435566663742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4301171898841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.41796499490737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38423749804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2735770344734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.19436436891555786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia416","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"edited-book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/1051373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/1051373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:rug:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/1165a9f2-5fd2-458f-ac73-ab34b0c7be38","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/1165a9f2-5fd2-458f-ac73-ab34b0c7be38","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/book"},{"id":"mag:3042727736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/en/publications/legal-knowledge-and-information-systems(1165a9f2-5fd2-458f-ac73-ab34b0c7be38).html","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia416","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"edited-book"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W765558868","https://openalex.org/W2913228375","https://openalex.org/W2537569271","https://openalex.org/W59489388","https://openalex.org/W2506518780","https://openalex.org/W2162484231","https://openalex.org/W2917045119","https://openalex.org/W2537284123","https://openalex.org/W2915863348","https://openalex.org/W2906847853","https://openalex.org/W2061600765","https://openalex.org/W2111379766","https://openalex.org/W1577016802","https://openalex.org/W2150481956","https://openalex.org/W3122134681","https://openalex.org/W2404693784","https://openalex.org/W2788831795","https://openalex.org/W2125131552","https://openalex.org/W3021691885","https://openalex.org/W1497193603"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Principles":[0],"of":[1,91],"law":[2],"(PoLs)":[3],"offer":[4],"a":[5,35,47],"framework":[6],"for":[7],"case":[8],"interpretation":[9],"and":[10,57,93],"ensure":[11],"legal":[12,85],"consistency,":[13],"especially":[14],"in":[15,34,38,59,84,89],"areas":[16],"lacking":[17],"specific":[18],"legislation.":[19],"Courts":[20],"use":[21],"PoLs":[22,31],"to":[23,43],"establish":[24],"binding":[25],"precedents":[26],"that":[27],"guide":[28],"decision-making.":[29],"However,":[30],"are":[32],"expressed":[33],"non-standard":[36],"way":[37],"rulings,":[39],"making":[40],"them":[41],"difficult":[42],"iden-":[44],"tify":[45],"at":[46],"glance":[48],"without":[49],"interpretative":[50],"reading.":[51],"Our":[52],"study":[53],"tested":[54],"ChatGPT,":[55],"Claude,":[56],"DeepSeek":[58],"extracting":[60],"PoLs,":[61],"verifying":[62],"their":[63,76],"results":[64],"with":[65],"Regular":[66],"Expressions":[67],"(RegEx).":[68],"While":[69],"Large":[70],"Language":[71],"Models":[72],"(LLMs)":[73],"showed":[74],"promise,":[75],"outputs":[77],"required":[78],"significant":[79],"expert":[80],"oversight,":[81],"revealing":[82],"limitations":[83],"research,":[86],"partic-":[87],"ularly":[88],"terms":[90],"accuracy":[92],"quantity.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-01T08:55:55.761014","created_date":"2020-07-23T00:00:00"}
