{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416988408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia251589","title":"How Anonymous Is Anonymous? A Techno-Legal Exploration","display_name":"How Anonymous Is Anonymous? A Techno-Legal Exploration","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416988408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia251589"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia251589","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia251589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia251589","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116860656","display_name":"Stephanie von Maltzan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8135-4202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158675288","display_name":"FIZ Karlsruhe \u2013 Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure","ror":"https://ror.org/0387prb75","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158675288","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie von Maltzan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and FIZ Karlsruhe"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8135-4202","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and FIZ Karlsruhe","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I158675288"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116860657","display_name":"Daniel Vogel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1717-1524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Vogel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn and Lamarr Institute"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1717-1524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn and Lamarr Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078523628","display_name":"Marc Ohm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2913-5270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166245","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Communication, Information Processing and Ergonomics","ror":"https://ror.org/05nn0gw40","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166245","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Ohm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer FKIE","University of Bonn and Lamarr Institute"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2913-5270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer FKIE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166245"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn and Lamarr Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066425578","display_name":"Florian Idelberger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9253-1524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158675288","display_name":"FIZ Karlsruhe \u2013 Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure","ror":"https://ror.org/0387prb75","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158675288","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Idelberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and FIZ Karlsruhe"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9253-1524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and FIZ Karlsruhe","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I158675288"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5116860656"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I158675288"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74367015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.515500009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.515500009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.2046000063419342,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.0674000009894371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.5692999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-protection-act-1998","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","score":0.513700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proportionality","display_name":"Proportionality (law)","score":0.42640000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compatibility","display_name":"Compatibility (geochemistry)","score":0.32839998602867126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5692999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5672000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69360830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172237","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","level":2,"score":0.513700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.46209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183763965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603959","display_name":"Proportionality (law)","level":2,"score":0.42640000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778648169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967768","display_name":"Compatibility (geochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3090818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172506","display_name":"General Data Protection Regulation","level":3,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia251589","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia251589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.5445/ir/1000190160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Book article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/511634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/511634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia251589","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia251589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,59,114],"paper":[1,92],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,47,122],"pragmatic":[4],"exploration":[5],"to":[6,40,62,119,142],"facilitate":[7],"the":[8,41,57,64,67,75,81,97,101,106,117],"categorisation":[9],"of":[10,70,90,96],"personal":[11],"data":[12,83,126,138],"as":[13,121],"anonymous,":[14],"quasi-anonymous,":[15],"or":[16,135],"pseudonymous,":[17],"emphasising":[18],"contextualised":[19],"threat":[20,34],"modelling":[21],"and":[22,32,44,74,111,139],"proportionality":[23],"over":[24],"binary":[25],"thresholds.":[26],"Using":[27],"an":[28],"integrated":[29],"legal":[30,38,98],"analysis":[31,99],"system-level":[33,112],"model,":[35],"we":[36],"map":[37],"criteria":[39],"design":[42],"features":[43],"assess":[45],"whether":[46],"privacy-preserving":[48],"system":[49],"like":[50],"DROPS":[51],"can":[52],"credibly":[53],"achieve":[54],"anonymisation":[55,72,78],"under":[56],"GDPR.":[58],"allows":[60],"us":[61],"evaluate":[63],"discrepancy":[65],"between":[66,108],"technical":[68,102],"realities":[69],"maximising":[71],"techniques":[73],"requirements":[76],"for":[77,124,130,140],"stipulated":[79],"by":[80],"EU":[82],"protection":[84,127],"law":[85],"corpus.":[86],"The":[87],"distinguishing":[88],"feature":[89],"this":[91],"is":[93],"its":[94],"grounding":[95],"in":[100],"architecture,":[103],"thereby":[104],"bridging":[105],"gap":[107],"abstract":[109],"regulation":[110],"design.":[113],"demonstration":[115],"has":[116],"potential":[118],"serve":[120],"model":[123],"enhancing":[125],"measures,":[128],"particularly":[129],"entities":[131],"that":[132],"handle":[133],"high-risk":[134],"otherwise":[136],"sensitive":[137],"regulators":[141],"issue":[143],"new":[144],"concrete":[145],"guidance":[146],"on":[147],"anonymisation.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-05T23:21:25.405358","created_date":"2025-12-04T00:00:00"}
