{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416988052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia251584","title":"Context-Aware Citation Networks: A Human\u2013AI Dataset, Analysis, and Tool","display_name":"Context-Aware Citation Networks: A Human\u2013AI Dataset, Analysis, and Tool","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416988052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia251584"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia251584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia251584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia251584","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081493450","display_name":"Jack Mumford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2467-5785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jack Mumford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2467-5785","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119567840","display_name":"Francesco Florimonte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1147-8496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143486","display_name":"Centre for Social Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/0551yxg63","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143486"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Florimonte","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1147-8496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143486","https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034799166","display_name":"Katie Atkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-4106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katie Atkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-4106","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042476558","display_name":"Kanstantsin Dzehtsiarou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9253-6109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143486","display_name":"Centre for Social Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/0551yxg63","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143486"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kanstantsin Dzehtsiarou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9253-6109","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143486","https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081493450"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76959657,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.24570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.24570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.12240000069141388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.10450000315904617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation","display_name":"Citation","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complaint","display_name":"Complaint","score":0.6496999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convention","display_name":"Convention","score":0.6496000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5217000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation-analysis","display_name":"Citation analysis","score":0.4560999870300293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780838233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836925","display_name":"Complaint","level":2,"score":0.6496999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780608745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367293","display_name":"Convention","level":2,"score":0.6496000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5217000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5160999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4918999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105345328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206276","display_name":"Citation analysis","level":3,"score":0.4560999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777120189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780067","display_name":"Triage","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia251584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia251584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia251584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia251584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,34,61,119],"present":[1],"a":[2,18,38,72],"context-aware":[3],"approach":[4],"to":[5,30],"citation":[6,26],"analysis":[7,86],"for":[8],"European":[9],"Court":[10,115],"of":[11,17,56,108,113],"Human":[12],"Rights":[13],"case":[14],"law.":[15],"Instead":[16],"single":[19],"edge":[20],"between":[21],"cases,":[22],"we":[23],"annotate":[24],"each":[25],"instance":[27],"with":[28,94,101],"respect":[29],"its":[31],"individual":[32],"context.":[33],"construct":[35],"two":[36],"datasets:":[37],"new":[39],"human-annotated":[40],"set":[41,55],"spanning":[42],"judgments":[43,57],"and":[44,50,52,74,81,110,123,135],"decisions":[45],"across":[46],"Grand":[47],"Chamber,":[48,49],"Committee,":[51],"an":[53,124],"AI-annotated":[54],"produced":[58],"at":[59,68],"scale.":[60],"find":[62],"that":[63,88,129],"most":[64],"authorities":[65],"are":[66,91],"cited":[67],"least":[69],"twice":[70],"within":[71],"case,":[73],"repeated":[75],"citations":[76],"frequently":[77],"vary":[78],"by":[79],"complaint":[80],"judicial":[82],"consideration.":[83],"Our":[84],"empirical":[85],"shows":[87],"AI":[89],"annotations":[90],"highly":[92],"competitive":[93],"outputs":[95],"from":[96],"trained":[97],"human":[98],"annotators,":[99],"but":[100],"significant":[102],"variation":[103],"depending":[104],"on":[105],"the":[106,111,114,117,121],"provision":[107],"convention":[109],"level":[112],"producing":[116],"ruling.":[118],"release":[120],"datasets":[122],"interactive":[125],"Citation":[126],"Analysis":[127],"Tool":[128],"enables":[130],"context-filtered":[131],"retrieval,":[132],"supporting":[133],"triage":[134],"research":[136],"grounded":[137],"in":[138],"past":[139],"precedent.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-05T23:21:25.405358","created_date":"2025-12-04T00:00:00"}
