{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403486778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240971","title":"BiLEE: Bi-Level Early Exiting for Generative Document Retrieval","display_name":"BiLEE: Bi-Level Early Exiting for Generative Document Retrieval","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403486778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia240971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240971","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102027188","display_name":"Rui Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2597-9192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084829659","display_name":"Chin-Yuan Yeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin-Yuan Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074891591","display_name":"Hsi-Wen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7328-6367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsi-Wen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036009069","display_name":"Ming-Syan Chen\u22c6","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0711-8197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Syan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37150158,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.965499997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.965499997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.949400007724762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9484000205993652,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5615851283073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.445026159286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.43792325258255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2756279706954956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5615851283073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.445026159286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.43792325258255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2756279706954956}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia240971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia240971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2380075625","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generative":[0,109],"document":[1,18,24,89,129],"retrieval":[2,25],"(GDR)":[3],"uses":[4],"pre-trained":[5],"Transformer-based":[6],"large":[7],"language":[8],"models":[9],"(LLMs)":[10],"to":[11,64,98],"extract":[12],"contextual":[13],"information":[14],"and":[15,37,119,159,179],"directly":[16],"predict":[17],"identifier":[19],"token":[20,146,173],"sequences,":[21,153],"outperforming":[22],"traditional":[23],"methods.":[26],"However,":[27],"LLMs":[28],"incur":[29],"significant":[30],"computational":[31],"costs,":[32],"hindering":[33],"GDR\u2019s":[34,65,176],"practical":[35],"application":[36],"making":[38],"inference":[39,177],"acceleration":[40],"essential.":[41],"Early":[42,106,116,122],"exiting":[43,149],"is":[44],"one":[45],"of":[46,88,94,137,190],"the":[47,82,85,92,134,138,168,187],"conditional":[48],"computing":[49],"techniques":[50],"that":[51],"expedites":[52],"LLM":[53],"inference,":[54],"but":[55],"it":[56],"faces":[57],"challenges":[58],"when":[59],"integrated":[60],"into":[61],"GDR":[62],"due":[63],"semantically":[66],"hierarchical":[67,86,128],"structured":[68],"identifiers,":[69,130],"which":[70],"cause":[71],"error":[72],"amplification":[73],"from":[74,133,150],"premature":[75],"exits.":[76],"Moreover,":[77],"although":[78],"beam":[79,161],"search":[80,83,157,162],"expands":[81],"space,":[84],"structure":[87],"identifiers":[90],"restricts":[91],"diversity":[93],"initial":[95],"tokens,":[96],"leading":[97],"inefficiencies.":[99],"In":[100],"this":[101],"work,":[102],"we":[103],"introduce":[104],"Bi-Level":[105],"Exiting":[107,117,123],"for":[108,127,171,183],"Document":[110],"Retrieval":[111],"(BiLEE),":[112],"comprising":[113],"Layer":[114],"Level":[115,121],"(LLEE)":[118],"Token":[120],"(TLEE).":[124],"LLEEare":[125],"designed":[126],"dynamically":[131,166],"escaping":[132],"middle":[135],"layer":[136],"Transformer":[139],"calculation":[140],"based":[141],"on":[142],"a":[143],"data-driven":[144],"calibrated":[145],"threshold.":[147],"TLEE":[148],"unpromising":[151,156],"candidate":[152],"thus":[154],"discarding":[155],"beams":[158],"enhancing":[160],"efficiency.":[163],"Both":[164],"components":[165],"balance":[167],"speed-to-accuracy":[169],"trade-offs":[170],"different":[172],"positions,":[174],"doubling":[175],"speed":[178],"obtaining":[180],"13\u00d7":[181],"reduction":[182],"FLOPs":[184],"while":[185],"maintaining":[186],"same":[188],"level":[189],"accuracy.":[191],"Source":[192],"code:":[193],"https://github.com/Rui-Fang/BiLEE.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
