{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403487527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240724","title":"Perturb-and-Compare Approach for Detecting Out-of-Distribution Samples in Constrained Access Environments","display_name":"Perturb-and-Compare Approach for Detecting Out-of-Distribution Samples in Constrained Access Environments","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403487527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240724"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia240724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240724","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA240724","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA240724","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100709318","display_name":"Heeyoung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6115-9179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heeyoung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113380971","display_name":"Hoyoon Byun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoyoon Byun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113380972","display_name":"Changdae Oh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changdae Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114226105","display_name":"JinYeong Bak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JinYeong Bak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025711483","display_name":"Kyungwoo Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-4280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyungwoo Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100709318"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54585481,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.8446000218391418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.8446000218391418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.794700026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.789900004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.4953109323978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4856618642807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1998176872730255}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4953109323978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4856618642807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1998176872730255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia240724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240724","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA240724","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia240724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240724","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA240724","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403487527.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accessing":[0],"machine":[1],"learning":[2],"models":[3,26],"through":[4],"remote":[5],"APIs":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8],"gaining":[9],"prevalence":[10],"following":[11],"the":[12,50,67,77,82,104,108,143,152],"recent":[13],"trend":[14],"of":[15,111],"scaling":[16],"up":[17],"model":[18,109,144],"parameters":[19,69],"for":[20,39],"increased":[21],"performance.":[22],"Even":[23],"though":[24],"these":[25,43,112],"exhibit":[27],"remarkable":[28],"ability,":[29],"detecting":[30],"out-of-distribution":[31],"(OOD)":[32],"samples":[33,44,137],"remains":[34],"a":[35,92,97],"crucial":[36],"safety":[37],"concern":[38],"end":[40,78],"users":[41],"as":[42],"may":[45],"induce":[46,139],"unreliable":[47],"outputs":[48,110,141],"from":[49,142],"model.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"work,":[54],"we":[55],"propose":[56],"an":[57,87],"OOD":[58,123,136,153],"detection":[59,124,154],"framework,":[60],"MixDiff,":[61],"that":[62,138,148],"is":[63,116],"applicable":[64],"even":[65],"when":[66],"model\u2019s":[68],"or":[70],"its":[71],"activations":[72],"are":[73],"not":[74],"accessible":[75],"to":[76,91,130],"user.":[79],"To":[80],"bypass":[81],"access":[83],"restriction,":[84],"MixDiff":[85,115,149],"applies":[86],"identical":[88],"input-level":[89],"perturbation":[90],"given":[93],"target":[94],"sample":[95],"and":[96,118,145,161],"similar":[98],"in-distribution":[99],"(ID)":[100],"sample,":[101],"then":[102],"compares":[103],"relative":[105],"difference":[106],"in":[107,134,159],"two":[113],"samples.":[114],"model-agnostic":[117],"compatible":[119],"with":[120],"existing":[121],"output-based":[122],"methods.":[125],"We":[126],"provide":[127],"theoretical":[128],"analysis":[129],"illustrate":[131],"MixDiff\u2019s":[132],"effectiveness":[133],"discerning":[135],"overconfident":[140],"empirically":[146],"demonstrate":[147],"consistently":[150],"enhances":[151],"performance":[155],"on":[156],"various":[157],"datasets":[158],"vision":[160],"text":[162],"domains.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}