{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403488060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240682","title":"LightFF: Lightweight Inference for Forward-Forward Algorithm","display_name":"LightFF: Lightweight Inference for Forward-Forward Algorithm","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403488060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240682"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia240682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240682","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091688179","display_name":"Amin Aminifar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9920-2539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Aminifar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heidelberg University, Germany","Lund University, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9920-2539","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heidelberg University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lund University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101611516","display_name":"Baichuan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4010-8545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baichuan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lund University, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4010-8545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lund University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007627998","display_name":"Azra Abtahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7672-0109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azra Abtahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lund University, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3642-8466","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lund University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024972825","display_name":"Amir Aminifar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1673-4733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Aminifar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heidelberg University, Germany","Lund University, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1673-4733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heidelberg University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lund University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6709,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.964357,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6166409850120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6091203093528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5348132252693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23451364040374756}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6166409850120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6091203093528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5348132252693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23451364040374756}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia240682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:08dbbe15-482b-4747-80f9-b649395236b7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/08dbbe15-482b-4747-80f9-b649395236b7","pdf_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/193938144/LightFF.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1879-8314","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia240682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8869864247","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-06725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320940","display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r\u00a0Strategisk Forskning","ror":"https://ror.org/044wr7g58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337753","display_name":"Interreg","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,15,35],"human":[1],"brain":[2],"performs":[3],"tasks":[4],"with":[5,11],"an":[6],"outstanding":[7],"energy":[8],"efficiency,":[9],"i.e.,":[10],"approximately":[12],"20":[13],"Watts.":[14],"state-of-the-art":[16],"Artificial/Deep":[17],"Neural":[18],"Networks":[19],"(ANN/DNN),":[20],"on":[21,45],"the":[22,46,67,85,97,100],"other":[23],"hand,":[24],"have":[25,89],"recently":[26],"been":[27],"shown":[28],"to":[29,52,59],"consume":[30],"massive":[31],"amounts":[32],"of":[33,37,63,99],"energy.":[34],"training":[36],"these":[38],"ANNs/DNNs":[39],"is":[40,50,126,136],"done":[41],"almost":[42],"exclusively":[43],"based":[44],"back-propagation":[47],"algorithm,":[48],"which":[49],"known":[51],"be":[53],"biologically":[54],"implausible.":[55],"This":[56],"has":[57],"led":[58],"a":[60,75,127],"new":[61],"generation":[62],"forward-only":[64],"techniques,":[65],"including":[66],"Forward-Forward":[68,86],"algorithm.":[69,87],"In":[70],"this":[71],"paper,":[72],"we":[73],"propose":[74],"lightweight":[76,93],"inference":[77,94],"scheme":[78,95],"specifically":[79],"designed":[80],"for":[81],"DNNs":[82],"trained":[83],"using":[84,119],"We":[88],"evaluated":[90],"our":[91],"proposed":[92],"in":[96],"case":[98],"MNIST":[101],"and":[102,115,130],"CIFAR":[103],"datasets,":[104],"as":[105,107],"well":[106],"two":[108],"real-world":[109],"applications,":[110],"namely,":[111],"epileptic":[112],"seizure":[113],"detection":[114],"cardiac":[116],"arrhythmia":[117],"classification":[118],"wearable":[120],"technologies,":[121],"where":[122],"complexity":[123],"overheads/energy":[124],"consumption":[125],"major":[128],"constraint,":[129],"demonstrate":[131],"its":[132],"relevance.":[133],"Our":[134],"code":[135],"available":[137],"at":[138],"https://github.com/AminAminifar/LightFF.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
