{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391682562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia231447","title":"Research on Automotive Front Face Styling Based on Shape Grammar","display_name":"Research on Automotive Front Face Styling Based on Shape Grammar","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391682562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia231447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia231447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia231447","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA231447","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA231447","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100614793","display_name":"Lingling Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5308-1321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingling Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guilin University of Technology of Art and Design"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guilin University of Technology of Art and Design","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106403420","display_name":"Biao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8145-1740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guilin University of Technology of Art and Design"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guilin University of Technology of Art and Design","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111127212","display_name":"Mengyuan Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyuan Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guilin University of Technology of Art and Design"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guilin University of Technology of Art and Design","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100614414","display_name":"Zhen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2307-0047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guilin University of Technology of Art and Design"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guilin University of Technology of Art and Design","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088811766","display_name":"Zeyu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6780-7293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guilin University of Technology of Art and Design"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guilin University of Technology of Art and Design","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101302968","display_name":"Xinyao He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyao He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guilin University of Technology of Art and Design","Guilin University of Technology of Art and Design,Guilin,China,541000;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guilin University of Technology of Art and Design","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guilin University of Technology of Art and Design,Guilin,China,541000;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5124,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75496403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14270","display_name":"Simulation and Modeling Applications","score":0.9603000283241272,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14270","display_name":"Simulation and Modeling Applications","score":0.9603000283241272,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6779229044914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.6649254560470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front","display_name":"Front (military)","score":0.5633446574211121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.47270604968070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37056300044059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33448201417922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.2878994047641754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.21920201182365417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.14634382724761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.09996908903121948}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6779229044914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.6649254560470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777551076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842332","display_name":"Front (military)","level":2,"score":0.5633446574211121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.47270604968070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37056300044059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33448201417922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2878994047641754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.21920201182365417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.14634382724761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09996908903121948}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia231447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia231447","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA231447","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia231447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia231447","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA231447","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391682562.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391682562.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27148217","https://openalex.org/W600227079"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382644535","https://openalex.org/W2522768275","https://openalex.org/W2352938035","https://openalex.org/W2351672553","https://openalex.org/W2373392303","https://openalex.org/W2765894405","https://openalex.org/W1884735063","https://openalex.org/W2372668238","https://openalex.org/W4226126548","https://openalex.org/W2560421750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automotive":[0],"front":[1,36,55,117,153],"face":[2,37,56,118,154],"styling":[3,66,119,155],"design":[4,28,40,70,113,132,135,143],"needs":[5],"to":[6,109],"satisfy":[7],"both":[8],"innovative":[9],"aesthetics":[10],"and":[11,21,45,68,78,96,111,128,144,160,168],"the":[12,18,27,60,64,73,84,87,130,148,163],"recognition":[13,127],"of":[14,72,151],"brand":[15,32,74,126],"identity.":[16],"Under":[17],"dual":[19],"drivers":[20],"constraints,":[22],"this":[23,122],"research":[24,61],"focuses":[25],"on":[26,93,105],"method":[29,123],"for":[30],"inheriting":[31],"identity":[33],"in":[34,147],"automotive":[35,116,152],"styling.":[38],"A":[39],"process":[41,136],"combining":[42],"shape":[43,89,106],"grammar":[44,100,107],"product":[46],"family":[47],"DNA":[48,75],"is":[49,57,81,90],"proposed.":[50],"The":[51,115],"Audi":[52],"sedan":[53],"series":[54],"selected":[58,103],"as":[59],"object.":[62],"Firstly,":[63],"dominant":[65],"features":[67],"implicit":[69],"intentions":[71],"are":[76,102],"extracted,":[77],"a":[79],"mapping":[80],"established":[82],"between":[83,141],"two.":[85],"Then,":[86],"initial":[88],"determined":[91],"based":[92,104],"user":[94],"expectations":[95],"constraints.":[97],"Finally,":[98],"suitable":[99],"rules":[101],"theory":[108],"derive":[110],"generate":[112],"solutions.":[114],"designed":[120],"through":[121],"exhibits":[124],"excellent":[125],"matches":[129],"users\u2019":[131],"intentions.":[133],"This":[134],"can":[137],"effectively":[138],"reduce":[139,166],"deviations":[140],"conceptual":[142],"final":[145],"products":[146],"early":[149],"stage":[150],"design,":[156,159],"minimize":[157],"repetitive":[158],"thus":[161],"shorten":[162],"development":[164],"cycle,":[165],"costs,":[167],"enhance":[169],"market":[170],"competitiveness.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}