{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389731546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia231028","title":"Fully 2D Convolutional Network for Continuous Sign Language Recognition","display_name":"Fully 2D Convolutional Network for Continuous Sign Language Recognition","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389731546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia231028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia231028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia231028","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA231028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA231028","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041131074","display_name":"Qidan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-6786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qidan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100694993","display_name":"Jing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7538-246X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078161300","display_name":"Fei Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3985-0726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132539","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03pz37k82","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xianyang, 712099, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xianyang, 712099, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103610134","display_name":"Quan Gan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041131074"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1681,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79599659,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8093539476394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.684813916683197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6636551022529602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5927411913871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.583777904510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"Sign language","score":0.5673856735229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5341939330101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.4921397566795349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.48331642150878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.46020764112472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionism","display_name":"Connectionism","score":0.447689026594162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.21606144309043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07815685868263245}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8093539476394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.684813916683197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6636551022529602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5927411913871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.583777904510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.5673856735229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5341939330101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.4921397566795349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.48331642150878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.46020764112472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8521452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790","display_name":"Connectionism","level":3,"score":0.447689026594162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.21606144309043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07815685868263245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia231028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia231028","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA231028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia231028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia231028","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA231028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389731546.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389731546.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112382942","https://openalex.org/W2188882108","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2755802490","https://openalex.org/W2799020610","https://openalex.org/W2908497602","https://openalex.org/W2941870244","https://openalex.org/W2997931247","https://openalex.org/W3024468270","https://openalex.org/W3108242995","https://openalex.org/W3109271037","https://openalex.org/W3113106473","https://openalex.org/W3162420734","https://openalex.org/W3167214817","https://openalex.org/W3203359574","https://openalex.org/W4224659727","https://openalex.org/W4225286481","https://openalex.org/W4234552385","https://openalex.org/W4282975686","https://openalex.org/W4287239859","https://openalex.org/W4293209991","https://openalex.org/W4312439137","https://openalex.org/W4320931863","https://openalex.org/W4323306785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205841273","https://openalex.org/W4205525690","https://openalex.org/W1732468982","https://openalex.org/W1761388607","https://openalex.org/W1997922073","https://openalex.org/W350032239","https://openalex.org/W2604685715","https://openalex.org/W2412160900","https://openalex.org/W2136453575","https://openalex.org/W1596913645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,32],"continuous":[1,142],"sign":[2,86,143],"language":[3,87,144],"recognition":[4],"(CSLR)":[5],"models":[6,12,21],"based":[7],"on":[8,137],"deep":[9],"learning,":[10],"hierarchical":[11,34,72],"are":[13,43,93,104],"more":[14],"favored":[15],"by":[16,95],"researchers":[17],"compared":[18],"to":[19,23,63,98,174,179],"non-hierarchical":[20],"due":[22],"their":[24],"simple":[25],"model,":[26,35],"fewer":[27],"parameters,":[28],"and":[29,39,45,115,146],"clear":[30],"hierarchy.":[31],"the":[33,89,117,122,147,151,154,165],"spatial":[36],"feature":[37,41,68,113,168,177],"extraction":[38,42,69,169,178],"temporal":[40,96,125],"separated":[44],"there":[46],"is":[47,119],"a":[48,65,108],"sequential":[49],"order.":[50],"This":[51],"paper":[52],"proposes":[53],"an":[54],"end-to-end":[55],"fully":[56],"2D":[57,101],"convolutional":[58],"network":[59,75,118],"(F2DCNet)":[60],"for":[61,111],"CSLR":[62],"explore":[64],"novel":[66],"spatial-temporal":[67,112,181],"method":[70,170],"in":[71,130],"models.":[73],"The":[74],"consists":[76],"of":[77,153],"2D-CNN":[78,110],"only.":[79],"After":[80],"extracting":[81],"frame":[82,90],"level":[83,91],"features":[84,92],"from":[85],"videos,":[88],"concatenated":[94],"dimension":[97],"form":[99],"new":[100],"features,":[102],"which":[103],"later":[105],"fed":[106],"into":[107],"custom":[109],"extraction,":[114],"finally":[116],"trained":[120],"using":[121],"multi-level":[123],"connectionist":[124],"classification":[126],"(CTC)":[127],"loss":[128],"proposed":[129,166],"our":[131],"previous":[132],"study.":[133],"We":[134],"conduct":[135],"experiments":[136],"two":[138],"large-scale":[139],"publicly":[140],"available":[141],"datasets,":[145],"experimental":[148],"results":[149,159],"demonstrate":[150],"effectiveness":[152],"F2DCNet,":[155],"achieving":[156],"highly":[157],"competitive":[158],"against":[160],"other":[161,175],"advanced":[162],"methods.":[163],"And":[164],"F2DCNet":[167],"can":[171],"be":[172],"applied":[173],"video":[176],"extract":[180],"features.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
