{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387891729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230705","title":"General Boolean Formula Minimization with QBF Solvers","display_name":"General Boolean Formula Minimization with QBF Solvers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387891729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230705"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia230705","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia230705","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230705","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230705","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003337665","display_name":"Eduardo Cal\u00f2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3881-8994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Cal\u00f2","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utrecht University, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3881-8994","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utrecht University, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027212883","display_name":"Jordi Levy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4337-2608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131846","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03c0ach84","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210131846"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordi Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIIA, CSIC, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5883-5746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIIA, CSIC, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003337665"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9691,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.795,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjunctive-normal-form","display_name":"Conjunctive normal form","score":0.6917729377746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/true-quantified-boolean-formula","display_name":"True quantified Boolean formula","score":0.6700983047485352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propositional-formula","display_name":"Propositional formula","score":0.5838140249252319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.5570762157440186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5308526754379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.5197013020515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-satisfiability-problem","display_name":"Boolean satisfiability problem","score":0.4960192143917084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.4749729037284851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45326703786849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propositional-calculus","display_name":"Propositional calculus","score":0.4300587773323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propositional-variable","display_name":"Propositional variable","score":0.42080438137054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-data-type","display_name":"Boolean data type","score":0.41070228815078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3954729437828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.33175307512283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.255748987197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.18279406428337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermediate-logic","display_name":"Intermediate logic","score":0.1063569188117981}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16221470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846564","display_name":"Conjunctive normal form","level":2,"score":0.6917729377746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200415742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350285","display_name":"True quantified Boolean formula","level":2,"score":0.6700983047485352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74640108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1372900","display_name":"Propositional formula","level":5,"score":0.5838140249252319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.5570762157440186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5308526754379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.5197013020515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6943359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875276","display_name":"Boolean satisfiability problem","level":2,"score":0.4960192143917084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.4749729037284851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45326703786849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69562738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200694","display_name":"Propositional calculus","level":2,"score":0.4300587773323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14523651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492863","display_name":"Propositional variable","level":4,"score":0.42080438137054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7342684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520777","display_name":"Boolean data type","level":2,"score":0.41070228815078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3954729437828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.33175307512283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.255748987197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.18279406428337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33203268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5361594","display_name":"Intermediate logic","level":3,"score":0.1063569188117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102993220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387196","display_name":"Description logic","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia230705","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia230705","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230705","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:10819056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/FAIA230705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia230705","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia230705","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230705","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3376034079","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"860621","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3690828678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387891729.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387891729.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88461931","https://openalex.org/W150238194","https://openalex.org/W153834087","https://openalex.org/W2018094844","https://openalex.org/W2039140951","https://openalex.org/W2070023605","https://openalex.org/W2130402533","https://openalex.org/W2156092608","https://openalex.org/W2264742718","https://openalex.org/W2404220671","https://openalex.org/W2495448072","https://openalex.org/W2573680420","https://openalex.org/W2604799547","https://openalex.org/W2730058802","https://openalex.org/W2938488389","https://openalex.org/W2946715090","https://openalex.org/W2996686887","https://openalex.org/W3006150593","https://openalex.org/W4231510479","https://openalex.org/W4232599177","https://openalex.org/W4249664012","https://openalex.org/W4253456425","https://openalex.org/W4385573870","https://openalex.org/W4385574072","https://openalex.org/W4385718061","https://openalex.org/W4407591777","https://openalex.org/W4407773546","https://openalex.org/W6679263105"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022840750","https://openalex.org/W138251527","https://openalex.org/W1492881020","https://openalex.org/W1859833606","https://openalex.org/W4390306923","https://openalex.org/W4387656450","https://openalex.org/W2951050752","https://openalex.org/W1887629677","https://openalex.org/W4321153753","https://openalex.org/W2153912760"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"minimization":[1,91],"of":[2,24,66,98,122,169],"propositional":[3],"formulae":[4,41,144,172],"is":[5,125],"a":[6,180,188,195],"classical":[7],"problem":[8,65,124,186],"in":[9,31,42,54,63,71,81,89,110,145],"logic,":[10],"whose":[11],"first":[12],"algorithms":[13,92],"date":[14],"back":[15],"at":[16],"least":[17],"to":[18,93,133,154],"the":[19,22,32,64,82,99,119,135,155,166,171,177,185,202,207],"1950s":[20],"with":[21,52,176],"works":[23],"Quine":[25],"and":[26,114,148,173,193],"Karnaugh.":[27],"Most":[28],"previous":[29],"work":[30],"area":[33],"has":[34],"focused":[35],"on":[36],"obtaining":[37,67],"minimal,":[38],"or":[39,47],"quasi-minimal,":[40],"conjunctive":[43],"normal":[44,49],"form":[45,50],"(CNF)":[46],"disjunctive":[48],"(DNF),":[51],"applications":[53],"hardware":[55],"design.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"we":[60],"are":[61,78,86,152],"interested":[62],"an":[68],"equivalent":[69,153],"formula":[70,157],"any":[72],"format,":[73],"also":[74],"allowing":[75],"connectives":[76],"that":[77,118,201],"not":[79],"present":[80],"original":[83,100,156,178],"formula.":[84],"We":[85,127],"primarily":[87],"motivated":[88],"applying":[90],"generate":[94],"natural":[95],"language":[96],"translations":[97],"formula,":[101],"where":[102],"using":[103,138,179,194],"shorter":[104],"equivalents":[105],"as":[106,187],"input":[107],"may":[108],"result":[109],"better":[111],"translations.":[112],"Buchfuhrer":[113],"Umans":[115],"have":[116],"proved":[117],"(decisional":[120],"version":[121],"the)":[123],"\u03a3p2-complete.":[126],"analyze":[128],"three":[129],"possible":[130,143,161],"(practical)":[131],"approaches":[132],"solving":[134],"problem.":[136],"First,":[137],"brute":[139],"force,":[140],"generating":[141,165],"all":[142,160,170],"increasing":[146],"size":[147],"checking":[149,174],"if":[150],"they":[151],"by":[158],"testing":[159],"variable":[162],"assignments.":[163],"Second,":[164],"Tseitin":[167],"coding":[168],"equivalence":[175],"SAT":[181],"solver.":[182,197],"Third,":[183],"encoding":[184],"Quantified":[189],"Boolean":[190],"Formula":[191],"(QBF),":[192],"QBF":[196,203],"Our":[198],"results":[199],"show":[200],"approach":[204],"largely":[205],"outperforms":[206],"other":[208],"two.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-17T08:19:37.847499","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}