{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387878334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230670","title":"Addressing Scale and Density Challenges in LiDAR Point Classification","display_name":"Addressing Scale and Density Challenges in LiDAR Point Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387878334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia230670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia230670","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230670","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230670","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002289863","display_name":"Mariona Car\u00f3s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9055-2516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mariona Car\u00f3s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departament de Matem\u00e0tiques i Inform\u00e0tica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Gran Via Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007 Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departament de Matem\u00e0tiques i Inform\u00e0tica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Gran Via Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046000801","display_name":"Ariadna Just","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126679","display_name":"Institut Cartogr\u00e0fic i Geol\u00f2gic de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03d2ezn18","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126679"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ariadna Just","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Cartogr\u00e0fic i Geol\u00f2gic de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Cartogr\u00e0fic i Geol\u00f2gic de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025755800","display_name":"Santi Segu\u00ed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8603-138X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santi Segu\u00ed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departament de Matem\u00e0tiques i Inform\u00e0tica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Gran Via Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007 Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departament de Matem\u00e0tiques i Inform\u00e0tica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Gran Via Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048383795","display_name":"Jordi Vitri\u00e0","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1484-539X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordi Vitri\u00e0","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departament de Matem\u00e0tiques i Inform\u00e0tica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Gran Via Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007 Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departament de Matem\u00e0tiques i Inform\u00e0tica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Gran Via Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002289863"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43820954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.8908967971801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7007588148117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6464464664459229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6221439242362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.543677031993866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5379309058189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.48629340529441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4530957043170929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44934946298599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3595317006111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.35299769043922424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.32119235396385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3202683925628662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.24689385294914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.1483980119228363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14124354720115662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.06748950481414795}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.8908967971801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7007588148117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6464464664459229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6221439242362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.543677031993866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5379309058189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.48629340529441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4530957043170929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44934946298599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3595317006111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.35299769043922424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.32119235396385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3202683925628662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.24689385294914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.1483980119228363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14124354720115662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.06748950481414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia230670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia230670","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230670","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia230670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia230670","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230670","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387878334.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387878334.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2283060","https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W2491477437","https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2624503621","https://openalex.org/W2755857491","https://openalex.org/W2769473888","https://openalex.org/W2950642167","https://openalex.org/W2963121255","https://openalex.org/W2963281829","https://openalex.org/W2991443709","https://openalex.org/W3012494314","https://openalex.org/W4296106218","https://openalex.org/W4306407030","https://openalex.org/W6744269055","https://openalex.org/W6773340602","https://openalex.org/W6788305448"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W1964041166","https://openalex.org/W4210818033","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semantic":[0],"segmentation":[1],"of":[2,37,88],"LiDAR":[3],"point":[4,65,86,94],"clouds":[5,87],"has":[6],"received":[7],"significant":[8,30],"attention":[9],"due":[10,32],"to":[11,33,84],"its":[12],"applications":[13],"in":[14,77],"autonomous":[15],"driving,":[16],"forestry,":[17],"and":[18,39,55,71,91],"urban":[19],"planning.":[20],"Despite":[21],"their":[22],"potential,":[23],"accurately":[24],"classifying":[25],"three-dimensional":[26],"points":[27],"remains":[28],"a":[29,82],"challenge":[31],"the":[34,64],"irregular":[35],"distribution":[36],"data":[38],"density":[40],"variation.":[41],"To":[42],"address":[43],"this,":[44],"state-of-the-art":[45],"approaches":[46],"use":[47],"various":[48],"techniques,":[49],"such":[50],"as":[51],"voxelization,":[52],"point-based":[53],"networks,":[54],"graph-based":[56],"methods.":[57],"However,":[58],"these":[59],"techniques":[60],"have":[61],"limitations":[62],"regarding":[63],"cloud":[66],"size":[67],"they":[68],"can":[69,72],"handle":[70],"be":[73],"computationally":[74],"expensive.":[75],"Therefore,":[76],"this":[78],"work,":[79],"we":[80],"propose":[81],"method":[83],"process":[85],"different":[89],"scales":[90],"densities":[92],"for":[93],"classification.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}