{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387171443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230628","title":"XFed: Improving Explainability in Federated Learning by Intersection Over Union Ratio Extended Client Selection","display_name":"XFed: Improving Explainability in Federated Learning by Intersection Over Union Ratio Extended Client Selection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387171443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia230628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia230628","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230628","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102525581","display_name":"Juan Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103044824","display_name":"Yuankai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4211-3471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuankai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039670436","display_name":"Ruixuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-5511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruixuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432137","display_name":"Yuhua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1846-4941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027119797","display_name":"Haozhao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7591-5315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haozhao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033727338","display_name":"Xiaoquan Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9846-9154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoquan Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067698200","display_name":"Zhiying Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-2619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiying Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039670436"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34209984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9685999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9462000131607056,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7159203886985779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.6933587789535522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.6101075410842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.5542240142822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5472069978713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.48334452509880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4654897451400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4594498574733734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rationality","display_name":"Rationality","score":0.4452996253967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4109201729297638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37466245889663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08550992608070374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7159203886985779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.6933587789535522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6101075410842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.5542240142822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5472069978713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.48334452509880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4654897451400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4594498574733734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201717286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938185","display_name":"Rationality","level":2,"score":0.4452996253967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4109201729297638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37466245889663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08550992608070374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia230628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia230628","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia230628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia230628","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2117336373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1836204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2878085913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62206102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5571733566","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1936108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387171443.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387171443.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2541884796","https://openalex.org/W2626639386","https://openalex.org/W2798720628","https://openalex.org/W2807006176","https://openalex.org/W2900594532","https://openalex.org/W2914328083","https://openalex.org/W2953073956","https://openalex.org/W2975495759","https://openalex.org/W3013208758","https://openalex.org/W3036453007","https://openalex.org/W3038022836","https://openalex.org/W3047304572","https://openalex.org/W3086809868","https://openalex.org/W3094163844","https://openalex.org/W3105122387","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3121787084","https://openalex.org/W3127133996","https://openalex.org/W3150732979","https://openalex.org/W3167807612","https://openalex.org/W3167841610","https://openalex.org/W3169198323","https://openalex.org/W3174943464","https://openalex.org/W3182158470","https://openalex.org/W3196371845","https://openalex.org/W3209564325","https://openalex.org/W3213291156","https://openalex.org/W4205597275","https://openalex.org/W4220757123","https://openalex.org/W4220815778","https://openalex.org/W4226108798","https://openalex.org/W4283800079","https://openalex.org/W4285327149","https://openalex.org/W4287332481","https://openalex.org/W4289147229","https://openalex.org/W4293861706","https://openalex.org/W4300906944","https://openalex.org/W4318619660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W2806259446","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W3080832531","https://openalex.org/W4214626077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"Learning":[1],"(FL)":[2],"allows":[3],"massive":[4],"clients":[5],"to":[6,134,153],"collaboratively":[7],"train":[8],"a":[9,84,106],"global":[10],"model":[11,39,67],"without":[12],"revealing":[13],"their":[14],"private":[15],"data.":[16],"Because":[17],"of":[18,139,143,167],"the":[19,34,63,66,127,131,136],"participants\u2019":[20],"not":[21,70],"independently":[22],"and":[23,41,62,73,93,114,130],"identically":[24],"distributed":[25],"(non-IID)":[26],"statistical":[27],"characteristics,":[28],"it":[29],"will":[30],"cause":[31],"divergence":[32],"among":[33],"client\u2019s":[35],"Deep":[36],"Neural":[37],"Network":[38],"weights":[40],"require":[42],"more":[43],"communication":[44],"rounds":[45],"before":[46],"training":[47],"can":[48],"be":[49],"converged.":[50],"Moreover,":[51],"models":[52],"trained":[53],"from":[54],"non-IID":[55],"data":[56],"may":[57],"also":[58],"extract":[59],"biased":[60],"features":[61],"rationale":[64,138],"behind":[65],"is":[68,83,119],"still":[69],"fully":[71],"analyzed":[72],"exploited.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76],"paper,":[77],"we":[78],"propose":[79],"eXplainable-Fed":[80],"(XFed)":[81],"which":[82],"novel":[85],"client":[86],"selection":[87],"mechanism":[88],"that":[89,147],"takes":[90],"both":[91],"accuracy":[92,110,152,159],"explainability":[94,162],"into":[95],"account.":[96],"Specifically,":[97],"XFed":[98],"selects":[99],"participants":[100],"in":[101,165],"each":[102],"round":[103],"based":[104],"on":[105],"small":[107],"test":[108],"set\u2019s":[109],"via":[111,116],"cross-entropy":[112],"loss":[113],"interpretability":[115],"XAI-accuracy.":[117],"XAI-accuracy":[118],"calculated":[120],"by":[121,163],"Intersection":[122],"over":[123],"Union":[124],"Ratio":[125],"between":[126],"heat":[128],"map":[129],"truth":[132],"mask":[133],"evaluate":[135],"overall":[137],"accuracy.":[140],"The":[141],"results":[142],"our":[144,148],"experiments":[145],"show":[146],"method":[149],"has":[150],"comparable":[151],"state-of-the-art":[154],"methods":[155],"specially":[156],"designed":[157],"for":[158],"while":[160],"increasing":[161],"14%-35%":[164],"terms":[166],"rationality.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
