{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387171267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230489","title":"SUDS: Sanitizing Universal and Dependent Steganography","display_name":"SUDS: Sanitizing Universal and Dependent Steganography","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387171267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia230489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230489","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230489","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028566361","display_name":"Preston K. Robinette","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4906-2179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Preston K. Robinette","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054529286","display_name":"Hanchen D. Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanchen D. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092949992","display_name":"Nishan Shehadeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nishan Shehadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072158791","display_name":"Daniel Moyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4428-5012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Moyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067901159","display_name":"Taylor T. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-9923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taylor T. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028566361"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.538,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93819374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganalysis","display_name":"Steganalysis","score":0.9571951031684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.9074033498764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.7940237522125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7244175672531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5660044550895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.555977463722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography-tools","display_name":"Steganography tools","score":0.5220087170600891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.507504403591156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.489774227142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45352986454963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.44917792081832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert-channel","display_name":"Covert channel","score":0.4185217022895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.14990627765655518}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107368093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448176","display_name":"Steganalysis","level":4,"score":0.9571951031684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.9074033498764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.7940237522125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7244175672531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5660044550895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.555977463722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13179402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7606662","display_name":"Steganography tools","level":4,"score":0.5220087170600891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.507504403591156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.489774227142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45352986454963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.44917792081832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.4185217022895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14990627765655518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia230489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230489","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia230489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230489","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G114342927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-21-F-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1320817743","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-21-F-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1523888516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1934839346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-23-1-0135","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2194724504","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-21-F-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2668951283","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2220401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3622468541","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-21-F-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4151934984","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2220426","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4713059963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5725600090","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-23-C-0518","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5784413458","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-22-1-0019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5809100787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6098521345","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6228126205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-21-F-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7999210852","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-21-F-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333566","funder_display_name":"National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8289759875","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333566","display_name":"National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387171267.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103335665","https://openalex.org/W347692644","https://openalex.org/W1590456553","https://openalex.org/W2009130368","https://openalex.org/W2031466562","https://openalex.org/W2107420448","https://openalex.org/W2123671594","https://openalex.org/W2138760583","https://openalex.org/W2751202750","https://openalex.org/W2771036112","https://openalex.org/W2883233582","https://openalex.org/W2901231491","https://openalex.org/W2949311987","https://openalex.org/W2949862294","https://openalex.org/W2952651666","https://openalex.org/W3000660689","https://openalex.org/W3004271471","https://openalex.org/W3013547515","https://openalex.org/W3035671550","https://openalex.org/W3088440139","https://openalex.org/W3102097413","https://openalex.org/W3142067920","https://openalex.org/W4313445423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154118756","https://openalex.org/W129330134","https://openalex.org/W1965991389","https://openalex.org/W2166431153","https://openalex.org/W2158736088","https://openalex.org/W1659544335","https://openalex.org/W2370747589","https://openalex.org/W1716757876","https://openalex.org/W1974279004","https://openalex.org/W2497446005"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Steganography,":[0],"or":[1,55,90],"hiding":[2,12,81,92,131,153,158],"messages":[3],"in":[4],"plain":[5],"sight,":[6],"is":[7,14,34,124,134,143,190],"a":[8,116,185,197],"form":[9],"of":[10,58,102,110,129,166,196],"information":[11],"that":[13,123],"most":[15],"commonly":[16],"used":[17,37],"for":[18],"covert":[19],"communication.":[20],"As":[21],"modern":[22],"steganographic":[23,70,130],"mediums":[24],"include":[25],"images,":[26],"text,":[27],"audio,":[28],"and":[29,46,76,133,139,155,164,176],"video,":[30],"this":[31,112],"communication":[32],"method":[33,149],"being":[35],"increasingly":[36,97],"by":[38,168,202],"bad":[39],"actors":[40],"to":[41,136,184,192],"propagate":[42],"malware,":[43],"exfiltrate":[44],"data,":[45],"discreetly":[47],"communicate.":[48],"Current":[49],"protection":[50],"mechanisms":[51],"rely":[52],"upon":[53,65,127],"steganalysis,":[54,111],"the":[56,100,108,162,194],"detection":[57],"steganography,":[59],"but":[60],"these":[61],"approaches":[62],"are":[63,95],"dependent":[64,140,151],"prior":[66],"knowledge,":[67],"such":[68],"as":[69],"signatures":[71],"from":[72],"publicly":[73],"available":[74],"tools":[75],"statistical":[77],"knowledge":[78,128],"about":[79],"known":[80],"methods.":[82],"These":[83],"dependencies":[84],"render":[85],"steganalysis":[86],"useless":[87],"against":[88,200],"new":[89],"unique":[91],"methods,":[93],"which":[94],"becoming":[96],"common":[98],"with":[99],"application":[101],"deep":[103,117,152,157],"learning":[104,118],"models.":[105],"To":[106],"mitigate":[107],"shortcomings":[109],"work":[113],"focuses":[114],"on":[115],"sanitization":[119],"technique":[120],"called":[121],"SUDS":[122,142,167,183],"not":[125],"reliant":[126],"techniques":[132],"able":[135,191],"sanitize":[137],"universal":[138,156],"steganography.":[141],"tested":[144],"using":[145],"least":[146],"significant":[147],"bit":[148],"(LSB),":[150],"(DDH),":[154],"(UDH).":[159],"We":[160],"demonstrate":[161],"capabilities":[163],"limitations":[165],"answering":[169],"five":[170],"research":[171],"questions,":[172],"including":[173],"baseline":[174],"comparisons":[175],"an":[177],"ablation":[178],"study.":[179],"Additionally,":[180],"we":[181],"apply":[182],"real-world":[186],"scenario,":[187],"where":[188],"it":[189],"increase":[193],"resistance":[195],"poisoned":[198],"classifier":[199],"attacks":[201],"1375%.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
