{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387171535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230367","title":"Bridging the Transparency Gap: What Can Explainable AI Learn from the AI Act?","display_name":"Bridging the Transparency Gap: What Can Explainable AI Learn from the AI Act?","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387171535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia230367","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230367","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230367","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230367","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069295532","display_name":"B\u00e1lint Gyevn\u00e1r","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0630-4315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Balint Gyevnar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059499558","display_name":"Nick Ferguson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Ferguson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011572139","display_name":"Burkhard Sch\u00e4fer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-4593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burkhard Schafer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edinburgh Law School, University of Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edinburgh Law School, University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069295532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.463,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99328084,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.8847751617431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union","display_name":"European union","score":0.503832995891571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.49840497970581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3873453736305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.27061912417411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1399562954902649}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.8847751617431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.503832995891571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.49840497970581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3873453736305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.27061912417411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1399562954902649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia230367","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230367","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230367","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/e70cbed1-2f5c-4e5d-99c3-306b64b47037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/e70cbed1-2f5c-4e5d-99c3-306b64b47037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gyevnar, B, Ferguson, N & Schafer, B 2023, Bridging the transparency gap : What can explainable AI learn from the AI Act? in K Gal, A Now\u00e9, G J Nalepa, R Fairstein & R R\u0103dulescu (eds), Proceedings of ECAI 2023, the 26th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 372, Amsterdam, pp. 964 - 971, 26th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Krak\u00f3w, Poland, 30/09/23. https://doi.org/10.3233/FAIA230367","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/e70cbed1-2f5c-4e5d-99c3-306b64b47037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/384554519/FAIA_372_FAIA230367_1.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gyevnar, B, Ferguson, N & Schafer, B 2023, Bridging the transparency gap : What can explainable AI learn from the AI Act? in K Gal, A Now\u00e9, G J Nalepa, R Fairstein & R R\u0103dulescu (eds), Proceedings of ECAI 2023, the 26th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 372, Amsterdam, pp. 964 - 971, 26th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Krak\u00f3w, Poland, 30/09/23. https://doi.org/10.3233/FAIA230367","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia230367","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230367","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA230367","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G251722195","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T027037/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G373773752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S022481/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4683617588","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V026607/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5778312650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T026952/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387171535.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594564082","https://openalex.org/W2088211885","https://openalex.org/W2113019196","https://openalex.org/W2184587911","https://openalex.org/W2332846730","https://openalex.org/W2493343568","https://openalex.org/W2568775501","https://openalex.org/W2582721310","https://openalex.org/W2594639291","https://openalex.org/W2607357757","https://openalex.org/W2623293810","https://openalex.org/W2670253439","https://openalex.org/W2770363731","https://openalex.org/W2786715987","https://openalex.org/W2891012317","https://openalex.org/W2898694742","https://openalex.org/W2903808828","https://openalex.org/W2951936329","https://openalex.org/W2962772482","https://openalex.org/W2963095307","https://openalex.org/W2964303497","https://openalex.org/W2992923261","https://openalex.org/W2995167739","https://openalex.org/W2996795847","https://openalex.org/W2999362542","https://openalex.org/W3034007598","https://openalex.org/W3100931974","https://openalex.org/W3101981467","https://openalex.org/W3122342955","https://openalex.org/W3125997628","https://openalex.org/W3131457744","https://openalex.org/W3137125108","https://openalex.org/W3156849544","https://openalex.org/W3161453033","https://openalex.org/W3163822446","https://openalex.org/W3182546273","https://openalex.org/W3183902529","https://openalex.org/W3186608063","https://openalex.org/W3189060466","https://openalex.org/W3197347140","https://openalex.org/W3203392755","https://openalex.org/W3203653166","https://openalex.org/W3217525002","https://openalex.org/W4205561327","https://openalex.org/W4226083650","https://openalex.org/W4226186560","https://openalex.org/W4226252392","https://openalex.org/W4242847114","https://openalex.org/W4248513428","https://openalex.org/W4281785352","https://openalex.org/W4283384010","https://openalex.org/W4287113297","https://openalex.org/W4289123308","https://openalex.org/W4302439603","https://openalex.org/W4306694247","https://openalex.org/W4308801384","https://openalex.org/W4313045059","https://openalex.org/W4313650676","https://openalex.org/W4366262984","https://openalex.org/W4400810536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W178231042","https://openalex.org/W2360028903","https://openalex.org/W4280543773","https://openalex.org/W2366083136","https://openalex.org/W2387622493","https://openalex.org/W2808360891","https://openalex.org/W1932132538","https://openalex.org/W2357832196","https://openalex.org/W4382930947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,47],"European":[1,126],"Union":[2],"has":[3],"proposed":[4],"the":[5,26,41,85,92,98,120,129,132,147,164,168,173],"Artificial":[6],"Intelligence":[7],"Act":[8,42,48,130],"which":[9],"introduces":[10],"detailed":[11],"requirements":[12,21],"of":[13,19,28,106,122,143,150,170,176],"transparency":[14,45,50,70,99,107,165],"for":[15,186],"AI":[16,30],"systems.":[17],"Many":[18],"these":[20],"can":[22],"be":[23],"addressed":[24],"by":[25],"field":[27],"explainable":[29],"(XAI),":[31],"however,":[32],"there":[33],"is":[34],"a":[35,52,104],"fundamental":[36],"difference":[37,91],"between":[38],"XAI":[39,68,101,124,151],"and":[40,63,118,125,131,152,183],"regarding":[43],"what":[44],"is.":[46],"views":[49,69,149],"as":[51,59,72],"means":[53],"that":[54],"supports":[55],"wider":[56],"values,":[57],"such":[58],"accountability,":[60],"human":[61],"rights,":[62],"sustainable":[64],"innovation.":[65],"In":[66],"contrast,":[67],"narrowly":[71],"an":[73],"end":[74],"in":[75],"itself,":[76],"focusing":[77],"on":[78],"explaining":[79],"complex":[80],"algorithmic":[81],"properties":[82],"without":[83],"considering":[84],"socio-technical":[86],"context.":[87],"We":[88],"call":[89],"this":[90,114],"\u201ctransparency":[93],"gap\u201d.":[94],"Failing":[95],"to":[96,112],"address":[97],"gap,":[100,115],"risks":[102],"leaving":[103],"range":[105],"issues":[108,179],"unaddressed.":[109],"To":[110],"begin":[111],"bridge":[113,163],"we":[116,154],"overview":[117],"clarify":[119],"terminology":[121],"how":[123],"regulation":[127],"\u2013":[128,139],"related":[133],"General":[134],"Data":[135],"Protection":[136],"Regulation":[137],"(GDPR)":[138],"view":[140],"basic":[141],"definitions":[142],"transparency.":[144],"By":[145],"comparing":[146],"disparate":[148],"regulation,":[153],"arrive":[155],"at":[156],"four":[157],"axes":[158],"where":[159],"practical":[160],"work":[161],"could":[162],"gap:":[166],"defining":[167],"scope":[169],"transparency,":[171],"clarifying":[172],"legal":[174],"status":[175],"XAI,":[177],"addressing":[178],"with":[180],"conformity":[181],"assessment,":[182],"building":[184],"explainability":[185],"datasets.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}