{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316253785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia220727","title":"A Method of Coloring Sketch Images Based on Improving Generative Adversarial Networks","display_name":"A Method of Coloring Sketch Images Based on Improving Generative Adversarial Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316253785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia220727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia220727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia220727","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA220727","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA220727","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101599420","display_name":"Xiaoyu Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-3092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China","School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318305","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-4774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China","School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102802663","display_name":"Zhiqiang Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9716-1182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China","School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087819291","display_name":"Shaoyong Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181361081","display_name":"Longyan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0483s5p06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181361081"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoyong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical and Information Engineering, Longyan University, Longyan, China","School of Mathematical and Information Engineering, Longyan University, Longyan, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical and Information Engineering, Longyan University, Longyan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181361081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical and Information Engineering, Longyan University, Longyan, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181361081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053725819","display_name":"Shunyi Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunyi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Modern Engineering Training, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China","Center of Modern Engineering Training, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Modern Engineering Training, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Modern Engineering Training, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017061326","display_name":"Youmeng Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8367-4216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youmeng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China","School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100671039","display_name":"Kaiqiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-7311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiqiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China","School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4133,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78380783,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14254","display_name":"Digital Media and Visual Art","score":0.8776999711990356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14254","display_name":"Digital Media and Visual Art","score":0.8776999711990356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.8506008982658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7606608867645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch","display_name":"Sketch","score":0.7409220933914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.6790207624435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5654650926589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.4941399395465851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4719996452331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4666340947151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4539685845375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36282017827033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3224337100982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11375156044960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.8506008982658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7606608867645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.7409220933914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6790207624435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5654650926589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4941399395465851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4719996452331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4666340947151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4539685845375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36282017827033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3224337100982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11375156044960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia220727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia220727","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA220727","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia220727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia220727","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA220727","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4404643025","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u6e90\u4fe1\u606f\u878d\u5408\u7684\u884c\u4eba\u91cd\u8bc6\u522b\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871464","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6342610729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022J011233","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8469115266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XPDKT20027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322856","funder_display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322856","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325434","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316253785.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2129112648","https://openalex.org/W2541273323","https://openalex.org/W2746807371","https://openalex.org/W2963920537","https://openalex.org/W3030489213","https://openalex.org/W3048593389","https://openalex.org/W3181732559","https://openalex.org/W4205444143","https://openalex.org/W4214642205","https://openalex.org/W4226422961","https://openalex.org/W4246399762","https://openalex.org/W4288257146","https://openalex.org/W4301489422","https://openalex.org/W6640174519","https://openalex.org/W6679339028"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293202849","https://openalex.org/W1980965563","https://openalex.org/W1489300767","https://openalex.org/W4380714744","https://openalex.org/W2387995142","https://openalex.org/W4319453655","https://openalex.org/W2378994405","https://openalex.org/W2385974820","https://openalex.org/W2089959425","https://openalex.org/W2904326725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Based":[0],"on":[1],"the":[2,21,24,33,36,44,58,65,69,72,78,82,88,91,96,106,110,114,117,122,125,128,132,138,144,148,160,163,173,179],"generative":[3,60],"adversarial":[4,61],"network,":[5],"this":[6,54],"paper":[7,55,158],"proposes":[8],"a":[9,101],"method":[10,51,180],"of":[11,23,27,35,40,47,71,90,109,116,162],"colorizing":[12],"gray":[13,28],"images":[14],"without":[15],"supervision":[16],"and":[17,43,81,119,154,172,183],"applies":[18],"it":[19],"to":[20,31,77,85,105,112,137],"field":[22],"automatic":[25],"coloring":[26],"comic":[29],"sketches":[30],"solve":[32],"problem":[34],"high":[37],"production":[38],"cost":[39],"color":[41],"comics":[42],"large":[45],"consumption":[46],"human":[48],"resources.":[49],"The":[50],"proposed":[52],"in":[53,64,95,131],"mainly":[56],"improves":[57],"classical":[59],"network":[62,74,149],"model":[63,80,84,92,118,134,150,161],"following":[66],"aspects:":[67],"first,":[68],"idea":[70],"residual":[73],"is":[75,135,181],"added":[76],"builder":[79],"discriminator":[83,111],"ensure":[86],"that":[87,143,178],"training":[89],"can":[93],"develop":[94],"right":[97],"direction;":[98],"secondly,":[99],"add":[100],"gradient":[102],"penalty":[103],"term":[104],"loss":[107],"function":[108,130],"accelerate":[113],"convergence":[115],"speed":[120],"up":[121],"iteration;":[123],"at":[124],"same":[126],"time,":[127],"activation":[129,140],"original":[133],"changed":[136],"Mish":[139],"function,":[141],"so":[142],"information":[145],"flowing":[146],"through":[147],"has":[151],"higher":[152],"accuracy":[153],"better":[155],"generalization.":[156],"This":[157],"trained":[159],"Anime":[164],"Sketch":[165],"Colorization":[166],"Pair":[167],"dataset":[168],"[1]":[169],"from":[170],"Kaggle,":[171],"final":[174],"experimental":[175],"results":[176],"show":[177],"practical":[182],"feasible.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}