{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4306406582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia220358","title":"Testing Reinforcement Learning Explainability Methods in a Multi-Agent Cooperative Environment","display_name":"Testing Reinforcement Learning Explainability Methods in a Multi-Agent Cooperative Environment","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4306406582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia220358"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia220358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia220358","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA220358","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA220358","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002339718","display_name":"Marc Vila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-6543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marc Dom\u00e8nech i Vila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066072860","display_name":"Dmitry Gnatyshak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6779-6283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitry Gnatyshak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848","https://openalex.org/I2799803557"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001312222","display_name":"Adri\u00e1n Tormos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1658-9393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adri\u00e1n Tormos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848","https://openalex.org/I2799803557"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028049729","display_name":"Sergio \u00c1lvarez-Napagao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9946-9703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Alvarez-Napagao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848","https://openalex.org/I2799803557"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002339718"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0238,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79787901,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scrutiny","display_name":"Scrutiny","score":0.783897876739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6547821760177612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6232626438140869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5454252362251282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-agent","display_name":"Intelligent agent","score":0.47749847173690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4758327007293701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4342684745788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-system","display_name":"Multi-agent system","score":0.42101821303367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3421728014945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.21576276421546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.06635025143623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.06610879302024841}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776050585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7439360","display_name":"Scrutiny","level":2,"score":0.783897876739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6547821760177612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6232626438140869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5454252362251282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74072328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142726","display_name":"Intelligent agent","level":2,"score":0.47749847173690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4758327007293701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4342684745788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.42101821303367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3421728014945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.21576276421546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.06635025143623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06610879302024841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia220358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia220358","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA220358","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/374829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/374829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Bachelor thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/375993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/375993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia220358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia220358","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA220358","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306406582.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306406582.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1767411471","https://openalex.org/W1945638812","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W2493343568","https://openalex.org/W2594336441","https://openalex.org/W2618851150","https://openalex.org/W2758036962","https://openalex.org/W2765615734","https://openalex.org/W2780057514","https://openalex.org/W2807340089","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2963262099","https://openalex.org/W2970894611","https://openalex.org/W2980061931","https://openalex.org/W2998004401","https://openalex.org/W3007111659","https://openalex.org/W3081090156","https://openalex.org/W3205807108","https://openalex.org/W3210065386","https://openalex.org/W4200009332","https://openalex.org/W4221148420","https://openalex.org/W4283792317","https://openalex.org/W4287552525","https://openalex.org/W4308558317","https://openalex.org/W6695661434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319083788","https://openalex.org/W2156763598","https://openalex.org/W3163111257","https://openalex.org/W2327734941","https://openalex.org/W4200522217","https://openalex.org/W4283713790","https://openalex.org/W4301400512","https://openalex.org/W2018749324","https://openalex.org/W2134281179","https://openalex.org/W2169620061"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"adoption":[1],"of":[2,20,39,79,87,141],"algorithms":[3],"based":[4,83,92,133],"on":[5,84,93,134],"Artificial":[6],"Intelligence":[7],"(AI)":[8],"has":[9],"been":[10],"rapidly":[11],"increasing":[12],"during":[13],"the":[14,37,85,116,119,123,135,139,142],"last":[15],"years.":[16],"However,":[17],"some":[18],"aspects":[19],"AI":[21],"techniques":[22],"are":[23,42],"under":[24],"heavy":[25],"scrutiny.":[26],"For":[27],"instance,":[28],"in":[29,54,60,68,104],"many":[30,55],"cases,":[31],"it":[32],"is":[33,52],"not":[34],"clear":[35],"whether":[36],"decisions":[38],"an":[40,47,77,80,128],"algorithm":[41],"well-informed":[43],"and":[44,63,98,122,137],"reliable.":[45],"Having":[46],"answer":[48],"to":[49,114],"these":[50],"concerns":[51],"crucial":[53],"domains,":[56],"such":[57],"as":[58],"those":[59],"were":[61],"humans":[62],"intelligent":[64],"agents":[65],"must":[66],"cooperate":[67],"a":[69,88,100,105,112,131],"shared":[70],"environment.":[71,108],"In":[72],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"we":[75],"introduce":[76],"application":[78],"explainability":[81],"method":[82,113],"creation":[86],"Policy":[89],"Graph":[90],"(PG)":[91],"discrete":[94],"predicates":[95],"that":[96],"represent":[97],"explain":[99],"trained":[101],"agent\u2019s":[102,124],"behaviour":[103,140],"multi-agent":[106],"cooperative":[107],"We":[109],"also":[110],"present":[111],"measure":[115],"similarity":[117],"between":[118],"explanations":[120],"obtained":[121],"behaviour,":[125],"by":[126],"building":[127],"agent":[129],"with":[130],"policy":[132],"PG":[136],"comparing":[138],"two":[143],"agents.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2022-10-17T00:00:00"}