{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296634084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia220218","title":"Interactively Providing Explanations for Transformer Language Models","display_name":"Interactively Providing Explanations for Transformer Language Models","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296634084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia220218"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia220218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia220218","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA220218","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA220218","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038205500","display_name":"Felix Friedrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8387-793X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Friedrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, TU Darmstadt, Germany, Friedrich@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Schramowski@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Tauchmann@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Kersting@cs.tu-darmstadt.de","Hessian Center for AI (hessian.AI)","Computer Science Department, TU Darmstadt, Germany, Friedrich@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Schramowski@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Tauchmann@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Kersting@cs.tu-darmstadt.de; Hessian Center for AI (hessian.AI)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, TU Darmstadt, Germany, Friedrich@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Schramowski@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Tauchmann@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Kersting@cs.tu-darmstadt.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hessian Center for AI (hessian.AI)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, TU Darmstadt, Germany, Friedrich@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Schramowski@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Tauchmann@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Kersting@cs.tu-darmstadt.de; Hessian Center for AI (hessian.AI)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017166414","display_name":"Patrick Schramowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1231-7120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Schramowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, TU Darmstadt, Germany, Friedrich@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Schramowski@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Tauchmann@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Kersting@cs.tu-darmstadt.de","Hessian Center for AI (hessian.AI)","Computer Science Department, TU Darmstadt, Germany, Friedrich@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Schramowski@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Tauchmann@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Kersting@cs.tu-darmstadt.de; Hessian Center for AI (hessian.AI)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, TU Darmstadt, Germany, Friedrich@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Schramowski@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Tauchmann@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Kersting@cs.tu-darmstadt.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hessian Center for AI (hessian.AI)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, TU Darmstadt, Germany, Friedrich@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Schramowski@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Tauchmann@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Kersting@cs.tu-darmstadt.de; Hessian Center for AI (hessian.AI)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010748686","display_name":"Christopher Tauchmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Tauchmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, TU Darmstadt, Germany, Friedrich@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Schramowski@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Tauchmann@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Kersting@cs.tu-darmstadt.de"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, TU Darmstadt, Germany, Friedrich@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Schramowski@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Tauchmann@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Kersting@cs.tu-darmstadt.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037636074","display_name":"Kristian Kersting","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2873-9152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristian Kersting","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, TU Darmstadt, Germany, Friedrich@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Schramowski@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Tauchmann@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Kersting@cs.tu-darmstadt.de","Hessian Center for AI (hessian.AI)","Computer Science Department, TU Darmstadt, Germany, Friedrich@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Schramowski@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Tauchmann@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Kersting@cs.tu-darmstadt.de; Hessian Center for AI (hessian.AI)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, TU Darmstadt, Germany, Friedrich@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Schramowski@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Tauchmann@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Kersting@cs.tu-darmstadt.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hessian Center for AI (hessian.AI)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, TU Darmstadt, Germany, Friedrich@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Schramowski@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Tauchmann@cs.tu-darmstadt.de, Kersting@cs.tu-darmstadt.de; Hessian Center for AI (hessian.AI)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0921,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89473932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9718000292778015,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9315999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6275616884231567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5049627423286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.38587310910224915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18769240379333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17571911215782166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.1267368197441101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.03472241759300232}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6275616884231567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5049627423286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.38587310910224915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18769240379333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17571911215782166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1267368197441101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.03472241759300232}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia220218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia220218","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA220218","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia220218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia220218","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA220218","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296634084.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296634084.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2050482109","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2811104224","https://openalex.org/W2958514452","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W3035989815","https://openalex.org/W3048549109","https://openalex.org/W3100931974","https://openalex.org/W3101349400","https://openalex.org/W3135367836","https://openalex.org/W3157894658","https://openalex.org/W3158023256","https://openalex.org/W3165941178","https://openalex.org/W3166396011","https://openalex.org/W4287589258","https://openalex.org/W6695661434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655","https://openalex.org/W2359140296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transformer":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2,40],"(LMs)":[3],"are":[4],"state":[5],"of":[6,12,68,82,95],"the":[7,24,110,116,119],"art":[8],"in":[9],"a":[10,34,45,65],"multitude":[11],"NLP":[13],"tasks.":[14],"Despite":[15],"these":[16,39,88],"successes,":[17],"their":[18],"opaqueness":[19],"remains":[20],"problematic,":[21],"especially":[22],"as":[23,51],"training":[25],"data":[26],"might":[27],"be":[28],"unfiltered":[29],"and":[30,74,113],"contain":[31],"biases.":[32],"As":[33],"result,":[35],"ethical":[36],"concerns":[37],"about":[38],"arise,":[41],"which":[42],"can":[43],"have":[44],"substantial":[46],"negative":[47],"impact":[48],"on":[49,92],"society":[50],"they":[52],"get":[53],"increasingly":[54],"integrated":[55],"into":[56,109],"our":[57],"lives":[58],"Therefore,":[59],"it":[60],"is":[61],"not":[62],"surprising":[63],"that":[64],"growing":[66],"body":[67],"work":[69],"aims":[70],"to":[71,76],"provide":[72],"interpretability":[73],"explainability":[75],"black-box":[77],"LMs":[78],"[2]:":[79],"Recent":[80],"evaluations":[81],"saliency":[83],"or":[84],"attribution":[85],"methods":[86,89],"Moreover,":[87],"primarily":[90],"focus":[91],"post-hoc":[93],"explanations":[94],"(sometimes":[96],"spurious)":[97],"input-output":[98],"correlations.":[99],"Instead,":[100],"we":[101],"emphasize":[102],"using":[103],"(interactive)":[104],"prototype":[105],"networks":[106],"directly":[107],"incorporated":[108],"model":[111],"architecture":[112],"hence":[114],"explain":[115],"reasoning":[117],"behind":[118],"network's":[120],"decisions.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
