{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206286562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia210357","title":"Chapter 10. Explainable Neuro-Symbolic Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Chapter 10. Explainable Neuro-Symbolic Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206286562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia210357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia210357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia210357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025744129","display_name":"Daoming Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-9865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daoming Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auburn University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auburn University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101564849","display_name":"Fangkai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3089-0345"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangkai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035629141","display_name":"Hugh Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8331-5037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugh Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auburn University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auburn University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030361565","display_name":"Bo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-6196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auburn University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auburn University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047724274","display_name":"Wen Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8923-2227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115441956","display_name":"Buffalo State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ms04m92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115441956"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["SUNY Buffalo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUNY Buffalo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115441956","https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060285076","display_name":"Levent Y\u0131lmaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5082-3908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Levent Yilmaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auburn University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auburn University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7181,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7477043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7617002129554749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6945661306381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5381513237953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46449971199035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.4480672776699066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.4244599938392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.4146263897418976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3656856417655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.35982558131217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.12013062834739685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7617002129554749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6945661306381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5381513237953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46449971199035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.4480672776699066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.4244599938392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.4146263897418976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3656856417655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.35982558131217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12013062834739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia210357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia210357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W90316445","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W2031695474","https://openalex.org/W2586732548","https://openalex.org/W3049728571","https://openalex.org/W20361778","https://openalex.org/W2024136090"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human-robot":[0],"interactive":[1],"decision-making":[2,36,51],"is":[3,9,21,45,67],"increasingly":[4],"becoming":[5],"ubiquitous,":[6],"and":[7,30,34,92,107],"explainability":[8,87,127],"an":[10,68],"influential":[11],"factor":[12],"in":[13,128],"determining":[14],"the":[15,62,85,89,99,102,111,119,126,129],"reliance":[16],"on":[17],"autonomy.":[18],"However,":[19],"it":[20,44],"not":[22],"reasonable":[23],"to":[24,47],"trust":[25],"systems":[26],"beyond":[27],"our":[28],"comprehension,":[29],"typical":[31],"machine":[32],"learning":[33],"data-driven":[35],"are":[37],"black-box":[38],"paradigms":[39],"that":[40],"impede":[41],"explainability.":[42],"Therefore,":[43],"critical":[46],"establish":[48],"computational":[49],"efficient":[50],"mechanisms":[52],"enhanced":[53],"by":[54,72],"explainability-aware":[55],"strategies.":[56],"To":[57],"this":[58],"end,":[59],"we":[60],"propose":[61],"Trustworthy":[63],"Decision-Making":[64],"(TDM),":[65],"which":[66],"explainable":[69],"neuro-symbolic":[70],"approach":[71],"integrating":[73],"symbolic":[74,105],"planning":[75,106],"into":[76],"hierarchical":[77],"reinforcement":[78,108],"learning.":[79],"The":[80],"framework":[81],"of":[82,101,113,121,131],"TDM":[83,96],"enables":[84],"subtask-level":[86],"from":[88],"causal":[90],"relational":[91],"understandable":[93],"subtasks.":[94],"Besides,":[95],"also":[97],"demonstrates":[98],"advantage":[100],"integration":[103],"between":[104],"learning,":[109],"reaping":[110],"benefits":[112],"both":[114],"worlds.":[115],"Experimental":[116],"results":[117],"validate":[118],"effectiveness":[120],"proposed":[122],"method":[123],"while":[124],"improving":[125],"process":[130],"decision-making.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}