{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3109563852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia200861","title":"Integrating Domain Knowledge in AI-Assisted Criminal Sentencing of Drug Trafficking Cases","display_name":"Integrating Domain Knowledge in AI-Assisted Criminal Sentencing of Drug Trafficking Cases","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3109563852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia200861","mag":"3109563852"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia200861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia200861","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA200861","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA200861","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020080860","display_name":"Tien-Hsuan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0212-8107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tien-Hsuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063695659","display_name":"Ben Kao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0501-9435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Kao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111786994","display_name":"Anne S. Y. Cheung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne S.Y. Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089032681","display_name":"Michael M.K. Cheung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael M.K. Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100337476","display_name":"Chen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-4231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software, Shenzhen University","Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software, Shenzhen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070371264","display_name":"Yongxi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1047-7182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongxi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004330108","display_name":"Guowen Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8005-4433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guowen Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong","Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005847882","display_name":"Reynold Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-9809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reynold Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020080860"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.1863,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98310641,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5819451808929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5752615928649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5640954375267029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5510814189910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.539801836013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5319694876670837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prison","display_name":"Prison","score":0.4748190641403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.45411399006843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4472792148590088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3671603798866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminology","display_name":"Criminology","score":0.33365461230278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2981094717979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14796817302703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07589364051818848}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5819451808929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5752615928649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5640954375267029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5510814189910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.539801836013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5319694876670837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40357","display_name":"Prison","level":2,"score":0.4748190641403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.45411399006843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4472792148590088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3671603798866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.33365461230278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2981094717979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14796817302703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07589364051818848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia200861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia200861","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA200861","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au:1885/733796577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1885/733796577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402539","display_name":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","host_organization_name":"Australian National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia200861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia200861","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/FAIA200861","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3109563852.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3109563852.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1847088711","https://openalex.org/W2079697162","https://openalex.org/W2079735306","https://openalex.org/W2164386086","https://openalex.org/W2740700850","https://openalex.org/W2765440119","https://openalex.org/W2856961199","https://openalex.org/W2890026792","https://openalex.org/W2897586237","https://openalex.org/W2951071510","https://openalex.org/W2964335273","https://openalex.org/W2983258080","https://openalex.org/W3101273072","https://openalex.org/W4251742697","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W6638824847","https://openalex.org/W6830793911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2494330624","https://openalex.org/W4283702175","https://openalex.org/W2051066035","https://openalex.org/W3120027560","https://openalex.org/W2143803874","https://openalex.org/W2126729282","https://openalex.org/W2354464363","https://openalex.org/W3172706523","https://openalex.org/W2106213393"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Judgment":[0],"prediction":[1,15],"is":[2,16],"the":[3,19,27],"task":[4],"of":[5,9,12,18,29,38,84,92,106],"predicting":[6,35],"various":[7],"outcomes":[8],"legal":[10,47,77,88,96],"cases":[11],"which":[13,80],"sentencing":[14],"one":[17],"most":[20],"important":[21,74],"yet":[22],"difficult":[23],"challenges.":[24],"We":[25,61],"study":[26,45],"applicability":[28],"machine":[30,101,107],"learning":[31],"(ML)":[32],"techniques":[33],"in":[34,76,87,95,100],"prison":[36],"terms":[37],"drug":[39],"trafficking":[40],"cases.":[41],"In":[42],"particular,":[43],"we":[44],"how":[46,63],"domain":[48],"knowledge":[49,78],"can":[50,68],"be":[51,69],"integrated":[52],"with":[53],"ML":[54],"models":[55],"to":[56,71],"construct":[57],"highly":[58],"accurate":[59],"predictors.":[60],"illustrate":[62],"our":[64],"criminal":[65],"sentence":[66],"predictors":[67],"applied":[70],"address":[72],"four":[73],"issues":[75],"management,":[79],"include":[81],"(1)":[82],"discovery":[83],"model":[85],"drifts":[86],"rules,":[89],"(2)":[90],"identification":[91],"critical":[93],"features":[94],"judgments,":[97],"(3)":[98],"fairness":[99],"predictions,":[102],"and":[103],"(4)":[104],"explainability":[105],"predictions.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T09:09:15.849793","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}