{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386366330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-230018","title":"SNOMED CT and Basic Formal Ontology \u2013 convergence or contradiction between standards? The case of \u201cclinical finding\u201d","display_name":"SNOMED CT and Basic Formal Ontology \u2013 convergence or contradiction between standards? The case of \u201cclinical finding\u201d","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386366330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-230018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/ao-230018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-230018","pdf_url":"https://content.iospress.com:443/download/applied-ontology/ao230018?id=applied-ontology%2Fao230018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31619775","display_name":"Applied Ontology","issn_l":"1570-5838","issn":["1570-5838","1875-8533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Ontology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://content.iospress.com:443/download/applied-ontology/ao230018?id=applied-ontology%2Fao230018","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101773732","display_name":"Stefan Schulz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7222-3287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202276237","display_name":"Medical University of Graz","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0bts35","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Schulz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical University of Graz, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077193850","display_name":"James T. Case","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James T. Case","raw_affiliation_strings":["SNOMED International, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SNOMED International, London, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070105303","display_name":"Peter Hendler","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Hendler","raw_affiliation_strings":["SNOMED International, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SNOMED International, London, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101580276","display_name":"Daniel Karlsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6053-3324"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Karlsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Socialstyrelsen, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Socialstyrelsen, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065944502","display_name":"Michael Lawley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9508-4769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141844","display_name":"Australian e-Health Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywhbc61","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801244131","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210141844","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Lawley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141844"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017129044","display_name":"Ronald Cornet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1704-5980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148356","display_name":"GGD Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04gbbq803","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088893","https://openalex.org/I4210148356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151833","display_name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers","ror":"https://ror.org/05grdyy37","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Cornet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology & Digital Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","Amsterdam UMC \u2013 University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology & Digital Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148356"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam UMC \u2013 University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364","https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087085411","display_name":"Robert R. Hausam","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Hausam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hausam Consulting, Columbia, Missouri, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hausam Consulting, Columbia, Missouri, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053205429","display_name":"Harold R. Solbrig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5928-3071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harold Solbrig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Rochester, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Rochester, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074857926","display_name":"Karim Nashar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125671874","display_name":"National Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnqcb97","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125671874","https://openalex.org/I1311074006"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karim Nashar","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Health Service, Stockport, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Health Service, Stockport, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125671874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031678501","display_name":"Catalina Mart\u00ednez-Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-1744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catalina Mart\u00ednez-Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041113078","display_name":"Yongsheng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3468-2930"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongsheng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["SNOMED International, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SNOMED International, London, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101773732"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1565,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59267532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"207","last_page":"237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12881","display_name":"linguistics and terminology studies","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snomed-ct","display_name":"SNOMED CT","score":0.9817739725112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7179075479507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5832663774490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-biomedical-ontologies","display_name":"Open Biomedical Ontologies","score":0.5476042032241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminology","display_name":"Terminology","score":0.53882896900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-ontology","display_name":"Formal ontology","score":0.5170927047729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematized-nomenclature-of-medicine","display_name":"Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine","score":0.4619171619415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.44112324714660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.42947542667388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.394033819437027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.35174673795700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-ontology","display_name":"Upper ontology","score":0.326571524143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.290407657623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-alignment","display_name":"Ontology alignment","score":0.24999937415122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11180731654167175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.08902236819267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.0788453221321106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206497026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753883","display_name":"SNOMED CT","level":3,"score":0.9817739725112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7179075479507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5832663774490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137982476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7072326","display_name":"Open Biomedical Ontologies","level":5,"score":0.5476042032241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.53882896900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778177438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437388","display_name":"Formal ontology","level":4,"score":0.5170927047729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44681071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4048820","display_name":"Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine","level":4,"score":0.4619171619415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.44112324714660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42947542667388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.394033819437027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.35174673795700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78726541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882785","display_name":"Upper ontology","level":3,"score":0.326571524143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.290407657623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98893333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339878","display_name":"Ontology alignment","level":4,"score":0.24999937415122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11180731654167175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08902236819267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0788453221321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/ao-230018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-230018","pdf_url":"https://content.iospress.com:443/download/applied-ontology/ao230018?id=applied-ontology%2Fao230018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31619775","display_name":"Applied Ontology","issn_l":"1570-5838","issn":["1570-5838","1875-8533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Ontology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.amsterdamumc.nl:openaire_cris_publications/2f41acc0-e06e-4086-ba2e-b0137680d872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.amsterdamumc.nl/en/publications/2f41acc0-e06e-4086-ba2e-b0137680d872","pdf_url":"https://pure.amsterdamumc.nl/files/136806744/Snomed-ct-and-basic-formal-ontology---convergence-or-contradiction-between-standards-the-case-of-c.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055222","display_name":"Pure Amsterdam UMC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Schulz, S, Case, J T, Hendler, P, Karlsson, D, Lawley, M, Cornet, R, Hausam, R, Solbrig, H, Nashar, K, Mart\u00ednez-Costa, C & Gao, Y 2023, 'SNOMED CT and Basic Formal Ontology - convergence or contradiction between standards? The case of 'clinical finding'', APPLIED ONTOLOGY, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 207-237. https://doi.org/10.3233/AO-230018","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:15116388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/AO-230018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/ao-230018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-230018","pdf_url":"https://content.iospress.com:443/download/applied-ontology/ao230018?id=applied-ontology%2Fao230018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31619775","display_name":"Applied Ontology","issn_l":"1570-5838","issn":["1570-5838","1875-8533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Ontology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386366330.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90548265","https://openalex.org/W96592148","https://openalex.org/W121488817","https://openalex.org/W194075168","https://openalex.org/W225772776","https://openalex.org/W259936663","https://openalex.org/W1553851612","https://openalex.org/W1802346448","https://openalex.org/W1917200526","https://openalex.org/W1975882926","https://openalex.org/W2048495389","https://openalex.org/W2074639050","https://openalex.org/W2095617559","https://openalex.org/W2103260426","https://openalex.org/W2104942450","https://openalex.org/W2113142309","https://openalex.org/W2133109597","https://openalex.org/W2137603642","https://openalex.org/W2140080033","https://openalex.org/W2147692258","https://openalex.org/W2150838562","https://openalex.org/W2166718065","https://openalex.org/W2208712810","https://openalex.org/W2396294170","https://openalex.org/W2402575930","https://openalex.org/W2407524018","https://openalex.org/W2491692034","https://openalex.org/W2905855069","https://openalex.org/W2963658122","https://openalex.org/W3172260675","https://openalex.org/W4213097648","https://openalex.org/W4220666269","https://openalex.org/W4368319578","https://openalex.org/W6603703677","https://openalex.org/W6636431354","https://openalex.org/W6674276183","https://openalex.org/W6675703177","https://openalex.org/W6680145453","https://openalex.org/W6681542089","https://openalex.org/W6712602780","https://openalex.org/W6765677413"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2912930644","https://openalex.org/W2396294170","https://openalex.org/W2043570561","https://openalex.org/W2412176292","https://openalex.org/W4390048704","https://openalex.org/W4206342372","https://openalex.org/W103572958","https://openalex.org/W4386366330","https://openalex.org/W1978780019","https://openalex.org/W4230933053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"SNOMED":[1,28,113,127,136,153,161,351,373,443],"CT":[2,128,137,162,352,444],"is":[3,43,88,115,348],"a":[4,44,49,65,73,102,132,182,195,246,283,292,300,420,441,461,493],"large":[5],"terminology":[6,501],"system":[7],"designed":[8,71],"to":[9,27,117,215,311,451,479],"represent":[10],"all":[11,220],"aspects":[12],"of":[13,23,52,99,105,125,152,222,224,257,299,315,328,332,341,358,370,423,433,467,496,500],"healthcare.":[14],"Its":[15],"current":[16,313],"form":[17,194],"and":[18,60,83,175,192,208,234,264,353,381,388,460,503],"content":[19,449],"result":[20],"from":[21,250,457],"decades":[22],"bottom-up":[24],"evolution.":[25],"Due":[26],"CT\u2019s":[29,154,374],"formal":[30],"descriptions,":[31],"it":[32,87,146,270],"can":[33],"be":[34,95,118,216,245],"considered":[35],"an":[36,217,251,401],"ontology.":[37],"The":[38,210],"Basic":[39],"Formal":[40],"Ontology":[41],"(BFO)":[42],"foundational":[45,74,100,472],"ontology":[46],"that":[47,91,188,240,273,303,411,482],"proposes":[48],"small":[50],"set":[51],"disjoint,":[53],"hierarchically":[54],"ordered":[55],"classes,":[56,145],"supported":[57],"by":[58,419],"relations":[59],"axioms.":[61],"In":[62,156],"contrast,":[63],"as":[64,72,97,112,228,326,338,393,408,428,430],"typical":[66,160],"top-down":[67],"endeavor,":[68],"BFO":[69,252,383],"was":[70,417],"framework":[75],"for":[76,148,219],"domain":[77,92,107],"ontologies":[78,93,108,473],"in":[79,109,291,320,350,367,400,413,437],"the":[80,123,135,176,185,238,258,265,280,297,312,316,339,342,368,379,431,465,480,497],"natural":[81],"sciences":[82],"related":[84],"disciplines.":[85],"Whereas":[86],"mostly":[89],"assumed":[90],"should":[94],"created":[96,174],"extensions":[98],"ontologies,":[101],"post-hoc":[103],"harmonization":[104],"consolidated":[106],"use,":[110],"such":[111,227],"CT,":[114],"known":[116],"challenging.":[119],"Methods:":[120],"We":[121],"explored":[122],"feasibility":[124,466],"harmonizing":[126,468],"with":[129,131,202,378,454,470],"BFO,":[130,455],"focus":[133],"on":[134],"Clinical":[138,211,241,274,317,391,394,426],"Finding":[139,318],"hierarchy.":[140],"With":[141],"more":[142,406],"than":[143],"100,000":[144],"accounts":[147],"about":[149],"one":[150,404],"third":[151],"content.":[155],"particular,":[157],"we":[158],"represented":[159],"finding/disorder":[163],"concepts":[164],"using":[165],"description":[166],"logics":[167],"under":[168,425],"BFO.":[169],"Three":[170],"representational":[171],"patterns":[172,436],"were":[173],"logical":[177],"entailments":[178],"analyzed.":[179],"Results:":[180],"Under":[181],"first":[183],"scrutiny,":[184],"clinical":[186,225],"intuition":[187],"diseases,":[189],"disorders,":[190],"signs":[191],"symptoms":[193],"homogeneous":[196],"ontological":[197],"upper-level":[198,204,248],"class":[199,213,249],"appeared":[200],"incompatible":[201],"BFO\u2019s":[203],"distinction":[205],"into":[206],"continuants":[207],"occurrents.":[209],"finding":[212,242,275],"seemed":[214],"umbrella":[218],"kinds":[221],"entities":[223,399],"interest,":[226],"material":[229],"entities,":[230],"processes,":[231],"states,":[232],"dispositions,":[233],"qualities.":[235],"This":[236,308,415],"suggests":[237],"conclusion":[239],"would":[243],"not":[244,278,446,485],"suitable":[247],"perspective.":[253],"On":[254],"closer":[255],"inspection":[256],"taxonomic":[259,334],"links":[260,335],"within":[261],"this":[262,458,483],"hierarchy":[263],"implicit":[266,498],"meaning":[267],"derived":[268],"thereof,":[269],"became":[271],"clear":[272],"classes":[276,323,424],"do":[277],"characterize":[279],"entity":[281],"(e.g.":[282],"fracture,":[284,304],"allergy,":[285,305],"tumor,":[286],"pain,":[287],"hemorrhage,":[288],"seizure,":[289],"fever)":[290],"literal":[293],"sense":[294,310],"but":[295,491],"rather":[296,492],"condition":[298],"patient":[301],"having":[302,403],"pain":[306],"etc.":[307],"gives":[309],"characteristic":[314],"hierarchy,":[319],"which":[321,347],"complex":[322],"are":[324,336],"modeled":[325],"subclasses":[327],"their":[329],"constituents.":[330],"Most":[331],"these":[333],"inferred,":[337],"consequence":[340],"\u2018role":[343,375],"group\u2019":[344,376],"design":[345],"pattern,":[346],"ubiquitous":[349],"has":[354],"often":[355],"been":[356],"subject":[357],"controversy":[359],"regarding":[360],"its":[361],"semantics.":[362],"Conclusion:":[363],"Our":[364],"analyses":[365],"resulted":[366],"proposal":[369],"(i)":[371],"equating":[372],"property":[377],"reflexive":[380],"transitive":[382],"relation":[384],"\u2018has":[385],"occurrent":[386],"part\u2019;":[387],"(ii)":[389],"reinterpreting":[390],"Findings":[392],"Occurrents,":[395],"i.e.":[396],"temporally":[397],"extended":[398],"organism,":[402],"or":[405],"occurrents":[407],"temporal":[409],"parts":[410],"occur":[412],"continuants.":[414],"re-interpretation":[416],"corroborated":[418],"manual":[421],"analysis":[422,495],"Finding,":[427],"well":[429],"identification":[432],"similar":[434],"modeling":[435],"other":[438],"ontologies.":[439],"As":[440],"result,":[442],"does":[445,484],"require":[447,487],"any":[448],"redesign":[450,489],"establish":[452],"compatibility":[453],"apart":[456],"re-interpretation,":[459],"suggested":[462],"re-labeling.":[463],"Regarding":[464],"terminologies":[469],"principled":[471],"post-hoc,":[474],"our":[475],"results":[476],"provide":[477],"support":[478],"assumption":[481],"necessarily":[486],"major":[488],"efforts,":[490],"careful":[494],"assumptions":[499],"curators":[502],"users.":[504]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T17:19:04.345684","created_date":"2023-09-02T00:00:00"}