{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134977236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-210246","title":"Ontologies for information entities: State of the art and open challenges","display_name":"Ontologies for information entities: State of the art and open challenges","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134977236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-210246","mag":"3134977236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/ao-210246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-210246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31619775","display_name":"Applied Ontology","issn_l":"1570-5838","issn":["1570-5838","1875-8533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Ontology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034480540","display_name":"Emilio M. Sanfilippo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2511-2853"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emilio M. Sanfilippo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Applied Ontology (ISTC-CNR), via alla cascata 56/C, 38123, Povo, Trento, Italy. E-mail:\u00a0emilio.sanfilippo@cnr.it"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Applied Ontology (ISTC-CNR), via alla cascata 56/C, 38123, Povo, Trento, Italy. E-mail:\u00a0emilio.sanfilippo@cnr.it","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034480540"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5439,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71241873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"111","last_page":"135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8014132976531982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.6714231967926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5961902737617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiotics","display_name":"Semiotics","score":0.5872474908828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.529136061668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-components","display_name":"Ontology components","score":0.468422532081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.439465194940567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idef5","display_name":"IDEF5","score":0.4324153959751129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative","display_name":"Narrative","score":0.4208824634552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3505946397781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.3244456648826599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-ontology","display_name":"Upper ontology","score":0.30953243374824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.24951937794685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suggested-upper-merged-ontology","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","score":0.1526464819908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14151886105537415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.13090792298316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.09972089529037476}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8014132976531982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.6714231967926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5961902737617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139997677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60195","display_name":"Semiotics","level":2,"score":0.5872474908828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.529136061668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154210476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7095057","display_name":"Ontology components","level":5,"score":0.468422532081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.439465194940567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118248724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5969997","display_name":"IDEF5","level":4,"score":0.4324153959751129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.4208824634552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3505946397781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3244456648826599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78726541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882785","display_name":"Upper ontology","level":3,"score":0.30953243374824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.24951937794685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50971890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7635093","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","level":4,"score":0.1526464819908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14151886105537415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.13090792298316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09972089529037476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/ao-210246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-210246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31619775","display_name":"Applied Ontology","issn_l":"1570-5838","issn":["1570-5838","1875-8533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Ontology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102398446","https://openalex.org/W166751856","https://openalex.org/W178505273","https://openalex.org/W975473697","https://openalex.org/W1481345233","https://openalex.org/W1494598016","https://openalex.org/W1532077989","https://openalex.org/W1565226583","https://openalex.org/W1574440611","https://openalex.org/W1644233380","https://openalex.org/W1802346448","https://openalex.org/W1942604327","https://openalex.org/W1971051354","https://openalex.org/W1984834452","https://openalex.org/W1989934563","https://openalex.org/W1991713242","https://openalex.org/W2009789341","https://openalex.org/W2019837495","https://openalex.org/W2021573484","https://openalex.org/W2055183890","https://openalex.org/W2057653103","https://openalex.org/W2074285821","https://openalex.org/W2100341807","https://openalex.org/W2120271146","https://openalex.org/W2120929119","https://openalex.org/W2145554685","https://openalex.org/W2251657308","https://openalex.org/W2252469942","https://openalex.org/W2344667314","https://openalex.org/W2398026559","https://openalex.org/W2399079071","https://openalex.org/W2405457581","https://openalex.org/W2408202220","https://openalex.org/W2461723275","https://openalex.org/W2485990185","https://openalex.org/W2487564270","https://openalex.org/W2494619864","https://openalex.org/W2580018884","https://openalex.org/W2604228877","https://openalex.org/W2604916844","https://openalex.org/W2765587424","https://openalex.org/W2767250046","https://openalex.org/W2789165999","https://openalex.org/W2797067800","https://openalex.org/W2800098000","https://openalex.org/W2884872263","https://openalex.org/W2885346568","https://openalex.org/W2911678297","https://openalex.org/W2940798631","https://openalex.org/W2946242144","https://openalex.org/W3009014292","https://openalex.org/W3020232023","https://openalex.org/W3035604299","https://openalex.org/W3096722223","https://openalex.org/W4211064683","https://openalex.org/W6629432261","https://openalex.org/W6629496183","https://openalex.org/W6633654753","https://openalex.org/W6634064704","https://openalex.org/W6634255785","https://openalex.org/W6652925849","https://openalex.org/W6677980472","https://openalex.org/W6681127117","https://openalex.org/W6713357908","https://openalex.org/W6774981063","https://openalex.org/W6810722411","https://openalex.org/W6815657104","https://openalex.org/W6823742324","https://openalex.org/W6832942272","https://openalex.org/W7057656179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206428734","https://openalex.org/W1508812357","https://openalex.org/W274732444","https://openalex.org/W1982540051","https://openalex.org/W1506177826","https://openalex.org/W265461659","https://openalex.org/W2726617685","https://openalex.org/W2399880385","https://openalex.org/W2223008607","https://openalex.org/W2032492244"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Information":[0],"entities":[1,45],"are":[2],"used":[3],"in":[4,25,69,76,119],"ontologies":[5,61,82],"to":[6,58,78,89,98],"represent":[7],"engineering":[8],"technical":[9],"specifications,":[10],"health":[11],"records,":[12],"pictures":[13],"or":[14],"librarian":[15],"data":[16],"about,":[17],"e.g.,":[18],"narrative":[19],"fictions,":[20],"among":[21],"others.":[22],"The":[23,50],"literature":[24],"applied":[26],"ontology":[27],"lacks":[28],"a":[29],"comparison":[30],"of":[31,34,43,52,104,114],"the":[32,35,41,53,81,102,112,120],"state":[33],"art,":[36],"and":[37,66,73,84],"foundational":[38],"questions":[39],"on":[40],"nature":[42],"information":[44,86,105,115],"remain":[46],"open":[47,92],"for":[48,101],"research.":[49],"purpose":[51],"paper":[54],"is":[55],"twofold.":[56],"First,":[57],"compare":[59],"existing":[60],"with":[62],"both":[63],"each":[64],"other":[65],"theories":[67],"proposed":[68],"philosophy,":[70],"semiotics,":[71],"librarianship,":[72],"literary":[74],"studies":[75],"order":[77],"understand":[79],"how":[80],"conceive":[83],"model":[85],"entities.":[87],"Second,":[88],"discuss":[90],"some":[91],"research":[93],"challenges":[94],"that":[95],"can":[96],"lead":[97],"principled":[99],"approaches":[100],"treatment":[103],"entities,":[106],"possibly":[107],"by":[108],"getting":[109],"into":[110],"account":[111],"variety":[113],"entity":[116],"types":[117],"found":[118],"literature.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
