{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2750254289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-170183","title":"Ontology development by domain experts (without using the \u201cO\u201d word)","display_name":"Ontology development by domain experts (without using the \u201cO\u201d word)","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2750254289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-170183","mag":"2750254289"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/ao-170183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-170183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31619775","display_name":"Applied Ontology","issn_l":"1570-5838","issn":["1570-5838","1875-8533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Ontology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027770753","display_name":"Andrea Westerinen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Westerinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nine Points Solutions, LLC, Potomac, MD 20854, USA. E-mail:\u00a0andreaw@ninepts.com"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nine Points Solutions, LLC, Potomac, MD 20854, USA. E-mail:\u00a0andreaw@ninepts.com","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112430105","display_name":"Rebecca Tauber","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Tauber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nine Points Solutions, LLC, Potomac, MD 20854, USA. E-mail:\u00a0andreaw@ninepts.com"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nine Points Solutions, LLC, Potomac, MD 20854, USA. E-mail:\u00a0andreaw@ninepts.com","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027770753"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7801,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79440935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3-4","first_page":"299","last_page":"311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.8522090911865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8465123176574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.7417538166046143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.6451834440231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-ontology","display_name":"Formal ontology","score":0.5779201984405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.5431643128395081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.47656846046447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-ontology","display_name":"Upper ontology","score":0.47318482398986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4553239643573761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-ontology","display_name":"Process ontology","score":0.44313088059425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.39321619272232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.38021788001060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.34909772872924805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.09247606992721558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.07330062985420227}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.8522090911865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8465123176574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.7417538166046143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.6451834440231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778177438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437388","display_name":"Formal ontology","level":4,"score":0.5779201984405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5431643128395081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.47656846046447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78726541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882785","display_name":"Upper ontology","level":3,"score":0.47318482398986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4553239643573761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137003198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247296","display_name":"Process ontology","level":3,"score":0.44313088059425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.39321619272232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.38021788001060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.34909772872924805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.09247606992721558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.07330062985420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/ao-170183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-170183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31619775","display_name":"Applied Ontology","issn_l":"1570-5838","issn":["1570-5838","1875-8533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Ontology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105099695","https://openalex.org/W144857900","https://openalex.org/W345612447","https://openalex.org/W1524639827","https://openalex.org/W1999789303","https://openalex.org/W2026743036","https://openalex.org/W2074944495","https://openalex.org/W2091940856","https://openalex.org/W2097384019","https://openalex.org/W2112015698","https://openalex.org/W2120357908","https://openalex.org/W2126777664","https://openalex.org/W2170064161","https://openalex.org/W2179037780","https://openalex.org/W2263297953","https://openalex.org/W2293153733","https://openalex.org/W2394984303","https://openalex.org/W2770508982","https://openalex.org/W4292154095","https://openalex.org/W6605842242","https://openalex.org/W6657105480","https://openalex.org/W6746384592"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118281964","https://openalex.org/W2127701157","https://openalex.org/W2253640873","https://openalex.org/W1994780253","https://openalex.org/W2066689607","https://openalex.org/W4236646227","https://openalex.org/W2180300954","https://openalex.org/W1488412441","https://openalex.org/W1838034317","https://openalex.org/W1968332217"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ontologies":[0],"are":[1,39],"created":[2],"to":[3,65,83,97,108,127],"describe":[4],"and":[5,22,26,48,77,86,103,106,111,136],"reason":[6],"over":[7],"the":[8,20,24,29,33,36,52,69,74,88,99,117,123,134],"knowledge":[9,38],"of":[10,13,19,28,68],"a":[11],"domain":[12,37,89,104],"interest.":[14],"This":[15,91],"requires":[16],"deep":[17],"understanding":[18],"domain,":[21],"therefore,":[23],"input":[25],"collaboration":[27],"domain\u2019s":[30],"experts.":[31],"But,":[32],"individuals":[34],"with":[35],"rarely":[40],"versed":[41],"in":[42],"model":[43],"or":[44,55],"ontology":[45,102],"develop":[46],"ment,":[47],"do":[49],"not":[50],"know":[51],"formal":[53],"languages":[54],"logic":[56],"that":[57,71],"express":[58],"ontological":[59],"concepts.":[60,90],"What":[61],"is":[62,64,125],"needed":[63],"create":[66,109],"renderings":[67],"ontologies":[70,113],"fit":[72],"how":[73,96,107],"experts":[75],"work":[76],"make":[78],"it":[79],"easy":[80],"for":[81,133],"them":[82],"create,":[84],"review":[85],"evolve":[87],"paper":[92,124],"presents":[93],"thoughts":[94],"on":[95,130],"bridge":[98],"gap":[100],"between":[101],"experts,":[105],"effective":[110],"usable":[112],"without":[114],"ever":[115],"using":[116],"\u201cO\u201d":[118],"(\u201contology\u201d)":[119],"word.":[120],"In":[121],"addition,":[122],"intended":[126],"stimulate":[128],"discussion":[129],"future":[131],"directions":[132],"techniques":[135],"technologies":[137],"described":[138],"here.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}