{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2165987306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-140130","title":"Engineering ontologies for question answering","display_name":"Engineering ontologies for question answering","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2165987306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-140130","mag":"2165987306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/ao-140130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-140130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31619775","display_name":"Applied Ontology","issn_l":"1570-5838","issn":["1570-5838","1875-8533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Ontology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037386274","display_name":"Marten Teitsma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55106644","display_name":"Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00y2z2s03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55106644"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marten Teitsma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: m.teitsma@hva.nl"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: m.teitsma@hva.nl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55106644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026741038","display_name":"Jacobijn Sandberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacobijn Sandberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: j.a.c.sandberg@uva.nl"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: j.a.c.sandberg@uva.nl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085015384","display_name":"Guus Schreiber","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guus Schreiber","raw_affiliation_strings":["VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mails: {guus.schreiber, b.j.wielinga, w.r.van.hage}@vu.nl"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mails: {guus.schreiber, b.j.wielinga, w.r.van.hage}@vu.nl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108074656","display_name":"Bob Wielinga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bob Wielinga","raw_affiliation_strings":["VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mails: {guus.schreiber, b.j.wielinga, w.r.van.hage}@vu.nl"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mails: {guus.schreiber, b.j.wielinga, w.r.van.hage}@vu.nl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085349960","display_name":"Willem Robert van Hage","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Willem Robert van Hage","raw_affiliation_strings":["VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mails: {guus.schreiber, b.j.wielinga, w.r.van.hage}@vu.nl"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mails: {guus.schreiber, b.j.wielinga, w.r.van.hage}@vu.nl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9607,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85089357,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8681886792182922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.8066026568412781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.7644470930099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-components","display_name":"Ontology components","score":0.6551024913787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idef5","display_name":"IDEF5","score":0.6541656255722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5792344212532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-ontology","display_name":"Upper ontology","score":0.545927882194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-ontology","display_name":"Process ontology","score":0.49932289123535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.48022159934043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.4257497787475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-biomedical-ontologies","display_name":"Open Biomedical Ontologies","score":0.4181903004646301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-alignment","display_name":"Ontology alignment","score":0.34504103660583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.29384279251098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.14540109038352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.06092846393585205}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8681886792182922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.8066026568412781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.7644470930099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154210476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7095057","display_name":"Ontology components","level":5,"score":0.6551024913787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118248724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5969997","display_name":"IDEF5","level":4,"score":0.6541656255722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5792344212532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78726541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882785","display_name":"Upper ontology","level":3,"score":0.545927882194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137003198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247296","display_name":"Process ontology","level":3,"score":0.49932289123535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.48022159934043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.4257497787475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137982476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7072326","display_name":"Open Biomedical Ontologies","level":5,"score":0.4181903004646301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98893333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339878","display_name":"Ontology alignment","level":4,"score":0.34504103660583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.29384279251098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.14540109038352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.06092846393585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/ao-140130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-140130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31619775","display_name":"Applied Ontology","issn_l":"1570-5838","issn":["1570-5838","1875-8533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Ontology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire_cris_publications/7e7b96e8-916d-4746-8142-3b072de0dbe6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/engineering-ontologies-for-question-answering(7e7b96e8-916d-4746-8142-3b072de0dbe6).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Teitsma, M, Sandberg, J, Schreiber, G, Wielinga, B & van Hage, W R 2014, 'Engineering ontologies for question answering', Applied Ontology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3233/AO-140130","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire_cris_publications/ec8e4405-4bf5-496a-b90b-45c894cd8ac3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/ec8e4405-4bf5-496a-b90b-45c894cd8ac3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Teitsma, M, Sandberg, J, Schreiber, A T, Wielinga, B & van Hage, W 2014, 'Engineering ontologies for question answering', Applied Ontology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3233/AO-140130","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:hbo:oai:hbokennisbank.nl:amsterdam_pure:oai:pure.hva.nl:publications/0d565d94-3756-414b-a3bf-e1fe78e0bc6d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.hva.nl/en/publications/0d565d94-3756-414b-a3bf-e1fe78e0bc6d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Ontology, 9(1), 1 - 25. IOS Press","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:uvapub:oai:dare.uva.nl:publications/7e7b96e8-916d-4746-8142-3b072de0dbe6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/engineering-ontologies-for-question-answering(7e7b96e8-916d-4746-8142-3b072de0dbe6).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Ontology, 9(1), 1 - 25. IOS Press","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19676100","https://openalex.org/W36416403","https://openalex.org/W145446370","https://openalex.org/W201123831","https://openalex.org/W579984701","https://openalex.org/W1534114121","https://openalex.org/W1536559464","https://openalex.org/W1568613364","https://openalex.org/W1600334393","https://openalex.org/W1600656774","https://openalex.org/W1601441494","https://openalex.org/W1606238867","https://openalex.org/W1659833910","https://openalex.org/W1843033662","https://openalex.org/W1966619306","https://openalex.org/W1976638582","https://openalex.org/W1978255134","https://openalex.org/W1984314602","https://openalex.org/W1989967181","https://openalex.org/W1992814940","https://openalex.org/W2004247906","https://openalex.org/W2006552647","https://openalex.org/W2006994840","https://openalex.org/W2009179900","https://openalex.org/W2012575176","https://openalex.org/W2016652387","https://openalex.org/W2018113587","https://openalex.org/W2041404167","https://openalex.org/W2055460448","https://openalex.org/W2059799772","https://openalex.org/W2064910157","https://openalex.org/W2068502752","https://openalex.org/W2080834271","https://openalex.org/W2086293932","https://openalex.org/W2097395913","https://openalex.org/W2104126126","https://openalex.org/W2106002037","https://openalex.org/W2117805756","https://openalex.org/W2120328436","https://openalex.org/W2129458770","https://openalex.org/W2133109597","https://openalex.org/W2152444902","https://openalex.org/W2164624282","https://openalex.org/W2165524809","https://openalex.org/W2238904277","https://openalex.org/W2259172389","https://openalex.org/W2396251426","https://openalex.org/W2402434285","https://openalex.org/W2407651989","https://openalex.org/W2587282545","https://openalex.org/W2612649659","https://openalex.org/W2884980639","https://openalex.org/W2999886563"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506177826","https://openalex.org/W991275336","https://openalex.org/W2094112778","https://openalex.org/W1508812357","https://openalex.org/W2125569773","https://openalex.org/W2726617685","https://openalex.org/W4206428734","https://openalex.org/W48521009","https://openalex.org/W2732632690","https://openalex.org/W1982540051"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"an":[1],"ontology":[2,31],"to":[3,23,35],"automatically":[4],"generate":[5],"questions":[6],"for":[7],"ordinary":[8],"people":[9],"requires":[10],"a":[11,25,29,33],"structure":[12],"and":[13,28,32],"concepts":[14],"compliant":[15],"with":[16],"human":[17],"thought.":[18],"Here":[19],"we":[20],"present":[21],"methods":[22],"develop":[24],"pragmatic,":[26],"expert-based":[27],"basic-level":[30],"framework":[34],"evalu":[36]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
