{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196216393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ais-210610","title":"Machine learning-based ship detection and tracking using satellite images for maritime surveillance","display_name":"Machine learning-based ship detection and tracking using satellite images for maritime surveillance","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196216393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ais-210610","mag":"3196216393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/ais-210610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ais-210610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492266406","display_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments","issn_l":"1876-1364","issn":["1876-1364","1876-1372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110491535","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8869-2125"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture University, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114051202","display_name":"G. Rajesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6927-9578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33585257","display_name":"Anna University, Chennai","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhf1r47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Rajesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology MIT Campus, Anna University, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology MIT Campus, Anna University, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078653874","display_name":"X. Mercilin Raajini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9571-4353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15517640","display_name":"Shri Venkateshwara University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xh8va68","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15517640"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Mercilin Raajini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, Prince Shri Venkateshwara Padmavathy Engineering College, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Prince Shri Venkateshwara Padmavathy Engineering College, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15517640"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050756829","display_name":"N. Kritika","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33585257","display_name":"Anna University, Chennai","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhf1r47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Kritika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology MIT Campus, Anna University, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology MIT Campus, Anna University, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015095045","display_name":"A. Kavinkumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33585257","display_name":"Anna University, Chennai","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhf1r47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Kavinkumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology MIT Campus, Anna University, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology MIT Campus, Anna University, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101656741","display_name":"Syed Bilal Hussain Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3340-1161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15517640","display_name":"Shri Venkateshwara University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xh8va68","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15517640"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7350606","display_name":"Dalian Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gp45n31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7350606"]}],"countries":["CN","IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syed Bilal Hussain Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, Prince Shri Venkateshwara Padmavathy Engineering College, India","School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Dalian Jiotong University, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Prince Shri Venkateshwara Padmavathy Engineering College, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15517640"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Dalian Jiotong University, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7350606"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101656741"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15517640","https://openalex.org/I7350606"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9234,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94220997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"361","last_page":"371"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.953000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9458000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.861707329750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6684707403182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.6140357851982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.593130886554718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.5322301983833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.48996248841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4769286513328552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47321170568466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4501754939556122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.44852226972579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.4457387626171112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4256695806980133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4249630570411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4171217083930969}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.861707329750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6684707403182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.6140357851982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.593130886554718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.5322301983833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.48996248841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4769286513328552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47321170568466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4501754939556122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.44852226972579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.4457387626171112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4256695806980133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4249630570411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4171217083930969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/ais-210610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ais-210610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492266406","display_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments","issn_l":"1876-1364","issn":["1876-1364","1876-1372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1276447405","https://openalex.org/W2056522964","https://openalex.org/W2100503224","https://openalex.org/W2120066054","https://openalex.org/W2164383685","https://openalex.org/W2333417593","https://openalex.org/W2607620098","https://openalex.org/W2776985712","https://openalex.org/W2786644902","https://openalex.org/W2789728115","https://openalex.org/W2808842749","https://openalex.org/W2908050381","https://openalex.org/W2912378229","https://openalex.org/W2913629656","https://openalex.org/W2913838929","https://openalex.org/W2928007866","https://openalex.org/W2945177640","https://openalex.org/W2946578259","https://openalex.org/W2950754826","https://openalex.org/W2977938199","https://openalex.org/W2993738316","https://openalex.org/W3005260862","https://openalex.org/W3006334803","https://openalex.org/W3011249019","https://openalex.org/W3101022366","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6736914200","https://openalex.org/W6746923153","https://openalex.org/W6768547184","https://openalex.org/W6771409190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071599417","https://openalex.org/W2048716406","https://openalex.org/W1870444468","https://openalex.org/W2183235103","https://openalex.org/W1964725559","https://openalex.org/W2979608518","https://openalex.org/W3109748140","https://openalex.org/W2433492094","https://openalex.org/W1556327589","https://openalex.org/W804729978"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,151],"recent":[1],"advancement":[2],"in":[3,9,40],"remote":[4,24],"sensing":[5,25],"technologies":[6],"has":[7,34],"resulted":[8],"the":[10,41,61,68,71,81,95,108,113,142,158,170,173,192],"availability":[11],"of":[12,22,43,147,163],"different":[13],"imaging":[14],"modes":[15],"and":[16,32,76,87,135,172,189],"higher":[17],"resolution":[18],"satellite":[19,27,56],"images.":[20],"Accessibility":[21],"these":[23],"or":[26],"images,":[28],"automatic":[29],"ship":[30,53],"detection":[31,54],"tracking":[33,178,184],"become":[35],"an":[36,180],"important":[37],"research":[38],"topic":[39],"field":[42],"maritime":[44],"surveillance.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"a":[49],"novel":[50],"method":[51,166],"for":[52,177],"using":[55,73,99,112,157,169,191],"images":[57,72],"is":[58,63,90,154,167,187],"proposed.":[59],"First":[60],"preprocessing":[62],"carried":[64,91],"out":[65,92],"to":[66],"remove":[67],"noise":[69],"from":[70,145],"Ship":[74],"Detection":[75],"Tracking":[77],"(SDT)":[78],"filter.":[79],"Then,":[80],"land":[82],"masking":[83,89],"(sea-land":[84],"area":[85],"separation)":[86],"cloud":[88],"based":[93,140],"on":[94,141],"gradient":[96],"feature":[97],"extraction":[98],"SDT":[100,105],"edge":[101],"detection,":[102],"along":[103],"with":[104],"segmentation.":[106],"Finally,":[107],"ships":[109],"are":[110],"identified":[111],"Machine":[114,121],"Learning":[115],"(ML)":[116],"classifiers":[117],"like":[118],"Support":[119],"Vector":[120],"(SVM),":[122],"Random":[123],"Forest":[124],"Classifier":[125],"(RFC),":[126],"Linear":[127],"Discriminant":[128],"Analysis":[129],"(LDA),":[130],"Logistic":[131],"Regression":[132],"(LR),":[133],"KNN,":[134],"Gaussian":[136],"Na\u00efve":[137],"Bayes-based":[138],"classifier":[139],"features":[143],"extracted":[144],"Histogram":[146],"Oriented":[148],"Gradients":[149],"(HOG).":[150],"proposed":[152,165,188],"work":[153],"cross":[155],"validated":[156],"Google":[159],"earth":[160],"data.":[161],"Performance":[162],"our":[164],"evaluated":[168],"recall":[171],"precision":[174],"values.":[175],"Further,":[176],"ships,":[179],"improved":[181],"multiple":[182],"hypothesis":[183],"(MHT)":[185],"algorithm":[186],"tested":[190],"Kaggle":[193],"dataset.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
