{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3084731856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ais-200573","title":"The detection of Alternaria solani infection on tomatoes using ensemble learning","display_name":"The detection of Alternaria solani infection on tomatoes using ensemble learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3084731856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ais-200573","mag":"3084731856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/ais-200573","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ais-200573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492266406","display_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments","issn_l":"1876-1364","issn":["1876-1364","1876-1372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015089536","display_name":"Bogdan Ruszczak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1089-1778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119217307","display_name":"Opole University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj5k538","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119217307"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bogdan Ruszczak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, Pr\u00f3szkowska 76 Street, 45-758 Opole, Poland","QZ Solutions Sp. z o.o., Ozimska 72A Street, 45-310 Opole, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, Pr\u00f3szkowska 76 Street, 45-758 Opole, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119217307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"QZ Solutions Sp. z o.o., Ozimska 72A Street, 45-310 Opole, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032264597","display_name":"Krzysztof Smyka\u0142a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1970-5388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119217307","display_name":"Opole University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj5k538","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119217307"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Smyka\u0142a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, Pr\u00f3szkowska 76 Street, 45-758 Opole, Poland","QZ Solutions Sp. z o.o., Ozimska 72A Street, 45-310 Opole, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, Pr\u00f3szkowska 76 Street, 45-758 Opole, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119217307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"QZ Solutions Sp. z o.o., Ozimska 72A Street, 45-310 Opole, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076930355","display_name":"Karol Dziuba\u0144ski","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karol Dziuba\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["QZ Solutions Sp. z o.o., Ozimska 72A Street, 45-310 Opole, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"QZ Solutions Sp. z o.o., Ozimska 72A Street, 45-310 Opole, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015089536"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119217307"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7526,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65437601,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"407","last_page":"418"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9690999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternaria-solani","display_name":"Alternaria solani","score":0.7862457633018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6817989945411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.6637921929359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.6426955461502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.6195269823074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6093000769615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5519319772720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.539795458316803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.45413312315940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4470064640045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternaria","display_name":"Alternaria","score":0.4232065975666046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4109314978122711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horticulture","display_name":"Horticulture","score":0.12758740782737732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.1028326153755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08297288417816162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778786769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2715597","display_name":"Alternaria solani","level":3,"score":0.7862457633018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6817989945411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.6637921929359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.6426955461502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.6195269823074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6093000769615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5519319772720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.539795458316803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45413312315940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4470064640045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779771029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133266","display_name":"Alternaria","level":2,"score":0.4232065975666046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4109314978122711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.12758740782737732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.1028326153755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08297288417816162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74600772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193237","display_name":"Fungicide","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/ais-200573","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ais-200573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492266406","display_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments","issn_l":"1876-1364","issn":["1876-1364","1876-1372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994198961","https://openalex.org/W2004732416","https://openalex.org/W2018334443","https://openalex.org/W2022053423","https://openalex.org/W2024845125","https://openalex.org/W2069209512","https://openalex.org/W2085951770","https://openalex.org/W2113242816","https://openalex.org/W2144546967","https://openalex.org/W2331071973","https://openalex.org/W2416296674","https://openalex.org/W2470368200","https://openalex.org/W2589020030","https://openalex.org/W2662576920","https://openalex.org/W2780615681","https://openalex.org/W2789107426","https://openalex.org/W2799848215","https://openalex.org/W2945491155","https://openalex.org/W2990127112","https://openalex.org/W2991429304","https://openalex.org/W2993409148","https://openalex.org/W3000649690","https://openalex.org/W3154430948","https://openalex.org/W6601667473","https://openalex.org/W6716531509","https://openalex.org/W6770864410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765891095","https://openalex.org/W1632235512","https://openalex.org/W4220878641","https://openalex.org/W4377042402","https://openalex.org/W4299318383","https://openalex.org/W3139037677","https://openalex.org/W2374507227","https://openalex.org/W2415472210","https://openalex.org/W2989588023","https://openalex.org/W2020020526"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,146],"paper":[1,147],"presents":[2],"a":[3],"detection":[4],"method":[5],"of":[6,25,34,40,43,48,57,60,63,102,108,127,133,152,166,186],"Alternaria":[7,77,158],"solani":[8,78,159],"in":[9,95],"tomatoes.":[10],"Several":[11],"machine":[12],"learning":[13,30,116],"models":[14,167],"were":[15,68,90,144],"used":[16],"to":[17,118,139,178],"detect":[18],"the":[19,23,38,52,55,76,81,87,93,103,106,109,113,120,128,150,153,164,176,179,183],"pathogen,":[20],"such":[21],"as":[22,86],"implementation":[24],"decision":[26,110],"trees":[27,111],"and":[28,45,80,112,131,171],"ensemble":[29,115],"methods.":[31],"The":[32,99],"use":[33],"these":[35],"methods":[36],"requires":[37],"acquisition":[39],"large":[41],"volumes":[42],"data":[44],"adequate":[46],"preprocessing":[47],"this":[49],"data.":[50],"For":[51],"presented":[53],"study":[54,104],"dataset":[56],"hyperspectral":[58],"measurements":[59],"two":[61,71],"varieties":[62],"tomatoes":[64],"was":[65,84,105,175],"used.":[66],"Measurements":[67,89],"split":[69],"into":[70],"groups:":[72],"one":[73,83],"inoculated":[74],"with":[75,182],"pathogen":[79],"other":[82],"treated":[85],"reference.":[88],"taken":[91],"by":[92],"spectroradiometer":[94],"consecutive":[96],"measurement":[97],"series.":[98],"main":[100],"part":[101],"evaluation":[107],"popular":[114],"algorithms":[117],"select":[119],"most":[121],"accurate":[122],"one.":[123],"After":[124],"subsequent":[125],"iterations":[126],"training":[129],"process":[130],"adjustment":[132],"hyperparameters,":[134],"satisfactory":[135],"accuracy":[136,165,180],"results,":[137],"equal":[138],"0.987":[140],"for":[141,157],"random":[142],"forest,":[143],"obtained.":[145],"also":[148],"covers":[149],"examination":[151],"spectral":[154,173],"range":[155,174],"required":[156],"identification.":[160],"From":[161],"several":[162],"variants,":[163],"based":[168],"on":[169],"VIS":[170],"NIR":[172],"closest":[177],"obtained":[181],"whole":[184],"spectrum":[185],"measured":[187],"absolute":[188],"reflectance.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}