{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2918574919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-941-6-225","title":"Morphology-Inspired Word Segmentation for Neural Machine Translation","display_name":"Morphology-Inspired Word Segmentation for Neural Machine Translation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2918574919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-941-6-225","mag":"2918574919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-941-6-225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-941-6-225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-941-6-225","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116360347","display_name":"Zuters J amacr nis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuters Jānis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116360348","display_name":"Strazds Gus","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Strazds Gus","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116360349","display_name":"Lcedil eonova Viktorija","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ļeonova Viktorija","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2755,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50771014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphology","display_name":"Morphology (biology)","score":0.697230339050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6150729656219482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.600947380065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5651693940162659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5176461338996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.453485906124115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.21725594997406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.11377522349357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.054380863904953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoology","display_name":"Zoology","score":0.05056488513946533}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C499950583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183252","display_name":"Morphology (biology)","level":2,"score":0.697230339050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6150729656219482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.600947380065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5651693940162659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5176461338996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.453485906124115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.21725594997406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11377522349357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.054380863904953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.05056488513946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-941-6-225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-941-6-225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-941-6-225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-941-6-225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2551537403","https://openalex.org/W579370048","https://openalex.org/W131651156","https://openalex.org/W4388343307","https://openalex.org/W2801275318","https://openalex.org/W39160775","https://openalex.org/W2945763285","https://openalex.org/W2575165096","https://openalex.org/W3204019825","https://openalex.org/W2296205523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"the":[3,58,63,90,130,135],"Prefix-Root-Postfix-Encoding":[4],"(PRPE)":[5],"algorithm,":[6,137],"which":[7,39],"performs":[8],"close-to-morphological":[9],"segmentation":[10,145],"of":[11,15,57,121,142],"words":[12,82],"as":[13,74,76],"part":[14,56],"text":[16],"pre-processing":[17],"in":[18,126,154],"machine":[19,107,172],"translation.":[20,119],"PRPE":[21],"is":[22],"a":[23,37,54,72,77,140,184],"cross-language":[24],"algorithm":[25,60,91],"requiring":[26],"only":[27],"minor":[28],"tweaking":[29],"to":[30,67,139,151],"adapt":[31],"it":[32,41],"for":[33,44,80,95,115,159],"any":[34],"particular":[35],"language,":[36],"property":[38],"makes":[40],"potentially":[42],"useful":[43],"morphologically":[45],"rich":[46],"languages":[47,176],"with":[48,92,103,174,180],"no":[49],"morphological":[50],"analysers":[51],"available.":[52],"As":[53],"key":[55],"proposed":[59,136],"we":[61,88,148],"introduce":[62],"‘Root":[64],"alignment’":[65],"principle":[66],"extract":[68],"potential":[69,84],"sub-words":[70],"from":[71,83],"corpus,":[73],"well":[75],"special":[78],"technique":[79],"constructing":[81],"sub-words.":[85],"In":[86],"addition,":[87],"supplemented":[89],"specific":[93],"processing":[94],"named-entities":[96],"based":[97],"on":[98,112],"transliteration.":[99],"We":[100],"conducted":[101],"experiments":[102,169],"two":[104],"different":[105],"neural":[106],"translation":[108,122,156,173,181],"systems,":[109,162],"training":[110],"them":[111],"parallel":[113],"corpora":[114],"English-Latvian":[116],"and":[117,158,167],"Latvian-English":[118],"Evaluation":[120],"quality":[123],"showed":[124],"improvements":[125,153],"BLEU":[127],"scores":[128],"when":[129],"data":[131],"were":[132,149,164],"pre-processed":[133],"using":[134],"compared":[138],"couple":[141],"baseline":[143],"word":[144],"algorithms.":[146],"Although":[147],"able":[150],"demonstrate":[152],"both":[155,160],"directions":[157],"NMT":[161],"they":[163],"relatively":[165],"minor,":[166],"our":[168],"show":[170],"that":[171],"inflected":[175,186],"remains":[177],"challenging,":[178],"especially":[179],"direction":[182],"towards":[183],"highly":[185],"language.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}