{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2787849585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-830-3-559","title":"Development of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Automatic Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy","display_name":"Development of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Automatic Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2787849585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-830-3-559","mag":"2787849585","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29295157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-830-3-559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-830-3-559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Raju Manoj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151776","display_name":"Enzen (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sg54v37","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151776"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raju Manoj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Enlightiks Business Solutions Private Limited - a Practo Company, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Enlightiks Business Solutions Private Limited - a Practo Company, Bangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010625263","display_name":"Venkatesh Pagidimarri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151776","display_name":"Enzen (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sg54v37","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151776"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pagidimarri Venkatesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Enlightiks Business Solutions Private Limited - a Practo Company, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Enlightiks Business Solutions Private Limited - a Practo Company, Bangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044632387","display_name":"Ryan Barreto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151776","display_name":"Enzen (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sg54v37","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151776"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barreto Ryan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Enlightiks Business Solutions Private Limited - a Practo Company, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Enlightiks Business Solutions Private Limited - a Practo Company, Bangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075842699","display_name":"Amrit Kadam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151776","display_name":"Enzen (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sg54v37","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151776"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kadam Amrit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Enlightiks Business Solutions Private Limited - a Practo Company, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Enlightiks Business Solutions Private Limited - a Practo Company, Bangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057986969","display_name":"Vamsichandra Kasivajjala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151776","display_name":"Enzen (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sg54v37","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151776"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kasivajjala Vamsichandra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Enlightiks Business Solutions Private Limited - a Practo Company, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Enlightiks Business Solutions Private Limited - a Practo Company, Bangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151776"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Aswath Arun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151776","display_name":"Enzen (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sg54v37","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151776"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aswath Arun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Enlightiks Business Solutions Private Limited - a Practo Company, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Enlightiks Business Solutions Private Limited - a Practo Company, Bangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151776"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.9097,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9962169,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"245","issue":null,"first_page":"559","last_page":"563"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12599","display_name":"Retinal and Optic Conditions","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.8138198852539062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6262540817260742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blindness","display_name":"Blindness","score":0.6168361902236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6073984503746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5774397253990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinopathy","display_name":"Retinopathy","score":0.5077720284461975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5019066333770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.49738362431526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry","display_name":"Optometry","score":0.4390496611595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.39167290925979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35558390617370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.24261829257011414}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.8138198852539062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6262540817260742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780929884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Blindness","level":2,"score":0.6168361902236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6073984503746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5774397253990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778313320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550455","display_name":"Retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.5077720284461975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5019066333770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.49738362431526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.4390496611595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.39167290925979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35558390617370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.24261829257011414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-830-3-559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-830-3-559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:29295157","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29295157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1989786678","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2115278098","https://openalex.org/W2138480916","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2557738935"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4237698013","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W4249730947","https://openalex.org/W2401657978","https://openalex.org/W2042797887","https://openalex.org/W3046286921","https://openalex.org/W4388065772","https://openalex.org/W2184730658","https://openalex.org/W2005103005"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"mainly":[2],"focuses":[3],"on":[4,87,113,140],"the":[5,11,18,21,35,59,84,88,100,114,123,129,132,141],"deep":[6],"learning":[7],"application":[8],"in":[9,53],"classifying":[10],"stage":[12],"of":[13,20,34,64,79,106,111,117,131,138,144],"diabetic":[14,41,80],"retinopathy":[15,27,42],"and":[16,55,62,108,134],"detecting":[17,128],"laterality":[19,130],"eye":[22,133],"using":[23],"funduscopic":[24,45],"images.":[25,119,146],"Diabetic":[26],"is":[28,49],"a":[29,50,70,104,109],"chronic,":[30],"progressive,":[31],"sight-threatening":[32],"disease":[33],"retinal":[36],"blood":[37],"vessels.":[38],"Ophthalmologists":[39],"diagnose":[40],"through":[43],"early":[44],"screening.":[46],"Normally,":[47],"there":[48],"time":[51],"delay":[52],"reporting":[54],"intervention,":[56],"apart":[57],"from":[58],"financial":[60],"cost":[61],"risk":[63],"blindness":[65],"associated":[66],"with":[67],"it.":[68],"Using":[69,120],"convolutional":[71],"neural":[72],"network":[73,86,124],"based":[74],"approach":[75],"for":[76,127],"automatic":[77],"diagnosis":[78],"retinopathy,":[81],"we":[82],"trained":[83,126],"prediction":[85],"publicly":[89],"available":[90],"Kaggle":[91],"dataset.":[92],"Approximately":[93],"35,000":[94],"images":[95],"were":[96],"used":[97],"to":[98],"train":[99],"network,":[101],"which":[102],"observed":[103,135],"sensitivity":[105],"80.28%":[107],"specificity":[110],"92.29%":[112],"validation":[115,142],"dataset":[116],"~53,000":[118],"8,810":[121],"images,":[122],"was":[125],"an":[136],"accuracy":[137],"93.28%":[139],"set":[143],"8,816":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}