{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2419363030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-645-3-17","title":"Clinical Decision Support for the Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Comparison of Manual and Automated Results","display_name":"Clinical Decision Support for the Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Comparison of Manual and Automated Results","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2419363030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-645-3-17","mag":"2419363030","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27139380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-645-3-17","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-645-3-17","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048680295","display_name":"Christoph Mitsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-5418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76134821","display_name":"Medical University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3x4p02","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitsch Christoph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013708435","display_name":"Karsten Fehre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0876-7858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136971","display_name":"Medex Healthcare Research","ror":"https://ror.org/047y84421","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136971"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fehre Karsten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medexter Healthcare GmbH, Vienna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medexter Healthcare GmbH, Vienna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046022115","display_name":"Sonja Prager","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76134821","display_name":"Medical University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3x4p02","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prager Sonja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107863580","display_name":"Christoph Scholda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76134821","display_name":"Medical University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3x4p02","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scholda Christoph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055824951","display_name":"Katharina Kriechbaum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76134821","display_name":"Medical University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3x4p02","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kriechbaum Katharina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034914777","display_name":"Thomas Wrba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4915-4620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327969474","display_name":"Statistics Austria","ror":"https://ror.org/030j5vf66","country_code":"AT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327969474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76134821","display_name":"Medical University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3x4p02","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wrba Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327969474","https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053563726","display_name":"Ursula Schmidt\u2010Erfurth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7788-7311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76134821","display_name":"Medical University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3x4p02","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4011,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89601329,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"223","issue":null,"first_page":"17","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.7253715395927429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guideline","display_name":"Guideline","score":0.6832106113433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.6645972728729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","score":0.609992265701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5990999341011047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.5253324508666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-record","display_name":"Medical record","score":0.4997730255126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support-system","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","score":0.49241936206817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.46393707394599915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinopathy","display_name":"Retinopathy","score":0.4264554977416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41126489639282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.40228456258773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"Decision support system","score":0.337632954120636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29139935970306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.23930978775024414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.20438876748085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07974499464035034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.7253715395927429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780182762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630279","display_name":"Guideline","level":2,"score":0.6832106113433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.6645972728729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.609992265701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5990999341011047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5253324508666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.4997730255126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.49241936206817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.46393707394599915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778313320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550455","display_name":"Retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.4264554977416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41126489639282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.40228456258773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.337632954120636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29139935970306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.23930978775024414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.20438876748085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07974499464035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009887","descriptor_name":"Ophthalmoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009887","descriptor_name":"Ophthalmoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009887","descriptor_name":"Ophthalmoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-645-3-17","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-645-3-17","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:27139380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27139380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2584074590","https://openalex.org/W2046929026","https://openalex.org/W2779278343","https://openalex.org/W3028974389","https://openalex.org/W2752816974","https://openalex.org/W1996434451","https://openalex.org/W1569026615","https://openalex.org/W2791725133","https://openalex.org/W3190746054","https://openalex.org/W2567704700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"management":[1],"of":[2,9,13,21,37,111,134],"diabetic":[3,41,121],"retinopathy,":[4],"a":[5,17,73,112],"frequent":[6],"ophthalmological":[7],"manifestation":[8],"diabetes":[10],"mellitus,":[11],"consists":[12],"regular":[14],"examinations":[15],"and":[16,35,68,101],"standardized,":[18],"manual":[19,58],"classification":[20,61,86,119],"disease":[22,117],"severity,":[23],"which":[24],"is":[25,123],"used":[26,142],"to":[27,129,148,153],"recommend":[28],"re-examination":[29],"intervals.":[30],"To":[31],"evaluate":[32],"the":[33,109,130,141],"feasibility":[34],"safety":[36],"implementing":[38],"automated,":[39],"guideline-based":[40],"retinopathy":[42,122],"(DR)":[43],"grading":[44],"into":[45],"clinical":[46,51],"routine":[47],"by":[48],"applying":[49],"established":[50],"decision":[52],"support":[53],"(CDS)":[54],"technology.":[55],"We":[56,106],"compared":[57],"with":[59,72],"automated":[60,116],"that":[62,108],"was":[63],"generated":[64],"using":[65],"medical":[66,75,135],"documentation":[67],"an":[69],"Arden":[70],"server":[71],"specific":[74],"logic":[76],"module.":[77],"Of":[78],"7169":[79],"included":[80],"eyes,":[81],"47%":[82],"(n=3373)":[83],"showed":[84],"inter-method":[85],"agreement,":[87],"specifically":[88],"29.4%":[89],"in":[90,94,98,103,120,151],"mild":[91],"DR,":[92,96,100],"38.3%":[93],"moderate":[95],"27.6%":[97],"severe":[99],"65.7%":[102],"proliferative":[104],"DR.":[105],"demonstrate":[107],"implementation":[110],"CDS":[113],"system":[114,146],"for":[115,140],"severity":[118],"feasible":[124],"but":[125],"also":[126],"that,":[127],"due":[128],"highly":[131],"individual":[132],"nature":[133],"documentation,":[136],"certain":[137],"important":[138],"criteria":[139],"electronic":[143],"health":[144],"record":[145],"need":[147],"be":[149],"met":[150],"order":[152],"achieve":[154],"reliable":[155],"results.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
