{"id":"https://openalex.org/W361108987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-512-8-155","title":"Biomarkers in the Ontology for General Medical Science","display_name":"Biomarkers in the Ontology for General Medical Science","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W361108987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-512-8-155","mag":"361108987","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25991121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-512-8-155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-512-8-155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007545122","display_name":"Werner Ceusters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2676-8689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ceusters Werner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051216244","display_name":"Barry Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-116X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Smith Barry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3983,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87810783,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"210","issue":null,"first_page":"155","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11642","display_name":"Genomics and Rare Diseases","score":0.9394000172615051,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.7789609432220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6733047366142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.6688409447669983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5288877487182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5276656746864319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4637397527694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-science","display_name":"Medical science","score":0.45878082513809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.39320868253707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2325875163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"Medical education","score":0.17241773009300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.1329980194568634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08398064970970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06472432613372803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.7789609432220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6733047366142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.6688409447669983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5288877487182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5276656746864319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4637397527694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020610715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medical science","level":2,"score":0.45878082513809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.39320868253707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2325875163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.17241773009300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.1329980194568634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08398064970970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06472432613372803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064229","descriptor_name":"Biological Ontologies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064229","descriptor_name":"Biological Ontologies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064229","descriptor_name":"Biological Ontologies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-512-8-155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-512-8-155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:25991121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25991121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/CEUBIT","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/CEUBIT","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/CEUBIT","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/CEUBIT","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402131","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574496698","https://openalex.org/W2113142309","https://openalex.org/W2135140530"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2618286804","https://openalex.org/W2329643025","https://openalex.org/W2002770077","https://openalex.org/W3131163342","https://openalex.org/W2092256833","https://openalex.org/W2142369114","https://openalex.org/W2361728394","https://openalex.org/W2166271660","https://openalex.org/W2352631095","https://openalex.org/W3038222916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"great":[1],"deal":[2],"of":[3,12,41,49,58],"recent":[4],"work":[5,24],"has":[6],"been":[7],"devoted":[8],"to":[9,16,68],"the":[10,26,35,39,75,79],"topic":[11],"biomarkers":[13,48,60],"as":[14],"aids":[15],"diagnosis,":[17],"prognosis":[18],"and":[19,33,72],"treatment":[20],"evaluation.":[21],"Basing":[22],"our":[23],"on":[25,34],"Ontology":[27],"for":[28,47],"General":[29],"Medical":[30],"Science":[31],"(OGMS)":[32],"specifications":[36],"provided":[37,77],"by":[38,78],"Institute":[40],"Medicine":[42],"(IOM),":[43],"we":[44],"propose":[45],"definitions":[46,53],"various":[50],"types.":[51],"These":[52],"provide":[54],"a":[55,63],"formal":[56],"representation":[57],"what":[59],"are":[61],"in":[62,74],"way":[64],"that":[65],"allows":[66],"us":[67],"remove":[69],"certain":[70],"ambiguities":[71],"inconsistencies":[73],"documentation":[76],"IOM.":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
