{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2440210236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-474-9-340","title":"Unsupervised Information Extraction from Italian Clinical Records","display_name":"Unsupervised Information Extraction from Italian Clinical Records","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2440210236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-474-9-340","mag":"2440210236","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25488240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-474-9-340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-474-9-340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038470795","display_name":"Anita Alicante","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3909-4249"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alicante Anita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell'Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Napoli Federico II, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell'Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Napoli Federico II, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064332237","display_name":"Anna Corazza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9156-5079"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corazza Anna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell'Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Napoli Federico II, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell'Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Napoli Federico II, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Isgr&ograve; Francesco","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isgr&ograve; Francesco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell'Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Napoli Federico II, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell'Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Napoli Federico II, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028272442","display_name":"Stefano Silvestri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-8409"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvestri Stefano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell'Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Napoli Federico II, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell'Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Napoli Federico II, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4979,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84717382,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"207","issue":null,"first_page":"340","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7618435025215149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7500971555709839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosine-similarity","display_name":"Cosine similarity","score":0.6599408388137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.531328558921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5250484943389893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5205382108688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamming-distance","display_name":"Hamming distance","score":0.5133292078971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamming-code","display_name":"Hamming code","score":0.5011849403381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5008337497711182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4770638048648834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.47005999088287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4026850163936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3401987552642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08452033996582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.06224909424781799}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7618435025215149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7500971555709839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784941","display_name":"Cosine similarity","level":3,"score":0.6599408388137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.531328558921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5250484943389893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5205382108688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193319292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272172","display_name":"Hamming distance","level":2,"score":0.5133292078971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73150493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853922","display_name":"Hamming code","level":4,"score":0.5011849403381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5008337497711182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4770638048648834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.47005999088287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4026850163936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3401987552642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08452033996582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.06224909424781799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007558","descriptor_name":"Italy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007558","descriptor_name":"Italy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007558","descriptor_name":"Italy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-474-9-340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-474-9-340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:25488240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25488240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91937416","https://openalex.org/W92858395","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1550258693","https://openalex.org/W2021578503","https://openalex.org/W2046740651","https://openalex.org/W2142135462","https://openalex.org/W2158300770","https://openalex.org/W2250759213","https://openalex.org/W2396843416"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389818373","https://openalex.org/W4392445444","https://openalex.org/W4396220545","https://openalex.org/W2220831889","https://openalex.org/W2943247777","https://openalex.org/W2740543340","https://openalex.org/W4312683641","https://openalex.org/W3027421045","https://openalex.org/W2371167013","https://openalex.org/W4405933298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"discusses":[2],"the":[3,12,41,62,77,83,89],"application":[4],"of":[5,14,27,56],"an":[6],"unsupervised":[7],"text":[8,63],"mining":[9],"technique":[10],"for":[11],"extraction":[13],"information":[15],"from":[16,65],"clinical":[17],"records":[18,68],"in":[19],"Italian.":[20],"The":[21,54],"approach":[22],"includes":[23],"two":[24],"steps.":[25],"First":[26],"all,":[28],"a":[29,57],"metathesaurus":[30],"is":[31,46],"exploited":[32],"together":[33],"with":[34],"natural":[35],"language":[36],"processing":[37],"tools":[38],"to":[39,48],"extract":[40],"domain":[42],"entities.":[43],"Then,":[44],"clustering":[45,78],"applied":[47],"explore":[49],"relations":[50],"between":[51],"entity":[52],"pairs.":[53],"results":[55],"preliminary":[58],"experiment,":[59],"performed":[60],"on":[61,82],"extracted":[64],"57":[66],"medical":[67],"containing":[69],"more":[70],"than":[71,88],"20,000":[72],"potential":[73],"relations,":[74],"show":[75],"how":[76],"should":[79],"be":[80],"based":[81],"cosine":[84],"similarity":[85],"distance":[86],"rather":[87],"City":[90],"Block":[91],"or":[92],"Hamming":[93],"ones.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
