{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2399496546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-289-9-581","title":"Machine vs. Human Translation of SNOMED CT Terms","display_name":"Machine vs. Human Translation of SNOMED CT Terms","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2399496546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-289-9-581","mag":"2399496546","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23920622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-289-9-581","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-289-9-581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101773732","display_name":"Stefan Schulz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7222-3287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202276237","display_name":"Medical University of Graz","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0bts35","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Schulz Stefan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039756893","display_name":"Johannes Bernhardt-Melischnig","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhardt-Melischnig Johannes","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024709170","display_name":"Markus Kreuzthaler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9824-9004"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kreuzthaler Markus","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091027914","display_name":"Philipp Daumke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4437-4840"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daumke Philipp","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039035898","display_name":"Martin Boeker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-2042"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boeker Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101773732"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7325,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9634788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"192","issue":null,"first_page":"581","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.843999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.843999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.7972999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.7817999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snomed-ct","display_name":"SNOMED CT","score":0.9654902815818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6694262027740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5861381888389587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4866500794887543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.4757406711578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3932218849658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.33698341250419617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.16507291793823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.13182693719863892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminology","display_name":"Terminology","score":0.12620168924331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.11630260944366455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206497026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753883","display_name":"SNOMED CT","level":3,"score":0.9654902815818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6694262027740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5861381888389587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4866500794887543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.4757406711578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3932218849658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33698341250419617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.16507291793823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.13182693719863892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.12620168924331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.11630260944366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012986","descriptor_name":"Software Validation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012986","descriptor_name":"Software Validation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012986","descriptor_name":"Software Validation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014175","descriptor_name":"Translating","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014175","descriptor_name":"Translating","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014175","descriptor_name":"Translating","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D039061","descriptor_name":"Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D039061","descriptor_name":"Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D039061","descriptor_name":"Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-289-9-581","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-289-9-581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:23920622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23920622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081962799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2775554247","https://openalex.org/W2883671469","https://openalex.org/W2728761353","https://openalex.org/W2110168585","https://openalex.org/W3107474891","https://openalex.org/W2250213760","https://openalex.org/W4386247111","https://openalex.org/W4327642362","https://openalex.org/W2587014613","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"results":[1],"demonstrate":[2],"that":[3],"low-cost":[4,20],"translation":[5,21],"solutions":[6],"of":[7],"medical":[8],"terms":[9],"may":[10,39],"produce":[11],"surprisingly":[12],"good":[13],"results.":[14],"Although":[15],"we":[16],"would":[17],"not":[18],"recommend":[19,47],"for":[22,32],"producing":[23],"standardized":[24],"preferred":[25],"terms,":[26],"this":[27,49],"approach":[28],"can":[29],"be":[30],"useful":[31],"creating":[33],"additional":[34],"language-specific":[35],"entry":[36],"terms.":[37],"This":[38],"serve":[40],"several":[41],"important":[42],"use":[43],"cases.":[44],"We":[45],"also":[46],"testing":[48],"method":[50],"to":[51],"bootstrap":[52],"a":[53],"crowdsourcing":[54],"process,":[55],"by":[56,66],"which":[57],"term":[58],"translations":[59],"are":[60],"gathered,":[61],"improved,":[62],"maintained,":[63],"and":[64],"rated":[65],"the":[67],"user":[68],"community.":[69]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
