{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2403306327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-177-9-1","title":"Recognition of Semantic Elements from Pictorial Symbols: Towards A Visual Dictionary","display_name":"Recognition of Semantic Elements from Pictorial Symbols: Towards A Visual Dictionary","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2403306327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-177-9-1","mag":"2403306327"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-177-9-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-177-9-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116320132","display_name":"Tirronen Ville","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tirronen Ville","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116320133","display_name":"Eskelinen Matti","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eskelinen Matti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116320134","display_name":"Heimb uuml rger Anneli","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heimbürger Anneli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10631942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12353","display_name":"Lexicography and Language Studies","score":0.8913999795913696,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12353","display_name":"Lexicography and Language Studies","score":0.8913999795913696,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.8774999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6768531203269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.5951506495475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4550415873527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3880216181278229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.371305376291275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21578338742256165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6768531203269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.5951506495475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4550415873527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3880216181278229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.371305376291275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21578338742256165}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-177-9-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-177-9-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W2142036596","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Collections":[0],"of":[1,77,91],"visual":[2,79],"symbols":[3,8],"are":[4],"context-specific,":[5],"and":[6,9,17,25,41,63,67],"include":[7],"signs":[10],"for":[11,46],"example":[12],"at":[13],"airports,":[14],"in":[15,18,28,88],"hotels,":[16],"traffic.":[19],"They":[20],"symbolize":[21],"our":[22,55],"living":[23],"environments":[24],"guide":[26],"us":[27],"different":[29],"situations.":[30],"We":[31,53],"introduce":[32],"a":[33,78],"pattern":[34],"recognition":[35],"system,":[36],"based":[37],"on":[38],"bag-of-features":[39],"descriptors":[40],"support":[42],"vector":[43],"machine":[44],"classifier,":[45],"recognizing":[47],"semantic":[48,59],"elements":[49],"from":[50,61,83],"pictorial":[51],"symbols.":[52],"evaluate":[54],"approach":[56],"by":[57,68],"extracting":[58],"tags":[60],"Finnish":[62],"Japanese":[64],"road":[65],"signs,":[66],"translating":[69],"their":[70],"meaning.":[71],"Our":[72],"paper":[73],"demonstrates":[74],"the":[75],"idea":[76],"dictionary":[80],"that":[81],"anyone":[82],"any":[84,89],"culture":[85],"can":[86],"understand":[87],"context":[90],"life.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}