{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2559720524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-105-2-911","title":"An Analysis of white and blue background-color effects on the scores of Web-based English grammar tests using near-infrared spectroscopy","display_name":"An Analysis of white and blue background-color effects on the scores of Web-based English grammar tests using near-infrared spectroscopy","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2559720524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-105-2-911","mag":"2559720524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-105-2-911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-105-2-911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101717893","display_name":"Atsuko K. Yamazaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6440-1861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yamazaki Atsuko K.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Engineering and Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Engineering and Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043137618","display_name":"Kaoru Eto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8825-2717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95053508","display_name":"Nippon Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05h68bp56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95053508"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eto Kaoru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nippon Inst. of Tech"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nippon Inst. of Tech","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95053508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2457,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82519129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13565","display_name":"Education and Learning Interventions","score":0.7886999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13565","display_name":"Education and Learning Interventions","score":0.7886999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.5808373689651489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.5236334800720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-grammar","display_name":"English grammar","score":0.5158388018608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white","display_name":"White (mutation)","score":0.5141582489013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-site","display_name":"Web site","score":0.4409976899623871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-spectroscopy","display_name":"Infrared spectroscopy","score":0.41436901688575745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.40986883640289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.3305942416191101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.294899046421051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.28614139556884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2819978594779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20497572422027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.18843930959701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.1375226080417633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.11514872312545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.11123788356781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.09720927476882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry","display_name":"Biochemistry","score":0.07260581851005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry","display_name":"Organic chemistry","score":0.07210433483123779}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5808373689651489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5236334800720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560583","display_name":"English grammar","level":3,"score":0.5158388018608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.5141582489013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984519610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35127","display_name":"Web site","level":3,"score":0.4409976899623871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153642686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70906","display_name":"Infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.41436901688575745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40986883640289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.3305942416191101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.294899046421051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.28614139556884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2819978594779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20497572422027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.18843930959701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.1375226080417633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.11514872312545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.11123788356781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09720927476882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.07260581851005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.07210433483123779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-105-2-911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-105-2-911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366897640","https://openalex.org/W4383684288","https://openalex.org/W2791747299","https://openalex.org/W18788799","https://openalex.org/W1571226448","https://openalex.org/W4317423243","https://openalex.org/W3203414753","https://openalex.org/W362165622","https://openalex.org/W2009465534","https://openalex.org/W4231328655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Yamazaki&amp;rsquo;s":[0],"studies":[1],"and":[2,13,33,49,98,145],"our":[3],"previous":[4],"study":[5],"indicated":[6],"that":[7,116,137,209],"a":[8,14,28,34,219,223,232],"combination":[9,29],"of":[10,30,58,75,127,222],"black":[11,31,103],"text":[12,32],"white":[15,48,97,119,204,210,233],"background":[16,51,100,112,120,220,234],"color":[17,211,221],"was":[18,113],"considered":[19],"less":[20],"preferable":[21],"for":[22,109,117,218,238],"web-based":[23,59,92],"English":[24,93],"tests,":[25],"comparing":[26],"with":[27,96,102,143,161,193,202],"blue":[35,50,99,111,163],"background.":[36,164,205],"In":[37,82],"this":[38],"study,":[39],"the":[40,55,83,110,118,122,128,134,140,155,159,162,166,171,179,200,203,215],"authors":[41],"conducted":[42],"an":[43],"experiment":[44,135],"to":[45,149,174,185,225],"see":[46],"how":[47],"colors":[52,101],"can":[53],"affect":[54],"linguistic":[56,228],"functions":[57],"test":[60,201],"(WBT)":[61],"takers&amp;rsquo;":[62],"brains":[63,77],"by":[64,78],"observing":[65],"relative":[66],"changes":[67,131],"in":[68,72,88,133,139,170],"hemoglobin":[69],"(Hb)":[70],"concentrations":[71,153],"Broca&amp;rsquo;s":[73],"Area":[74],"their":[76,89],"using":[79],"nearinfrared":[80],"spectroscopy.":[81],"experiment,":[84],"thirteen":[85],"male":[86],"subjects":[87,156],"twenties":[90],"took":[91],"grammar":[94,144],"tests":[95,160],"text.":[104],"The":[105],"average":[106],"WBT":[107,224],"score":[108],"higher":[114,151],"than":[115,189],"among":[121],"subjects.":[123],"Two":[124],"dimensional":[125],"images":[126],"Hb":[129,152],"concentration":[130],"obtained":[132],"showed":[136],"areas":[138,169,191],"brain":[141,172,190],"associated":[142,192],"vocabulary":[146],"processing":[147],"tended":[148],"have":[150],"while":[154,196],"were":[157,183,198],"taking":[158,199],"On":[165],"other":[167,175],"hand,":[168],"related":[173],"functions,":[176],"such":[177],"as":[178],"frontal":[180],"eye":[181],"field,":[182],"observed":[184],"be":[186,214],"more":[187],"active":[188],"linguistics":[194],"tasks":[195],"they":[197],"These":[206],"results":[207],"suggest":[208],"may":[212],"not":[213],"best":[216],"choice":[217],"assess":[226],"test-takers&amp;rsquo;":[227],"performance,":[229],"even":[230],"though":[231],"is":[235],"commonly":[236],"used":[237],"WBTs.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2016-12-08T00:00:00"}
