{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2407022707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-101-4-159","title":"IRMA Code II: Unique Annotation of Medical Images for Access and Retrieval","display_name":"IRMA Code II: Unique Annotation of Medical Images for Access and Retrieval","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2407022707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-101-4-159","mag":"2407022707","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22874172"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-101-4-159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-101-4-159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006069152","display_name":"Tim-Christian Piesch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Piesch Tim-Christian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics, RWTH Aachen Univ., Germany. tim.piesch@rwth-aachen.de"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, RWTH Aachen Univ., Germany. tim.piesch@rwth-aachen.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061961859","display_name":"Henning M\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6800-9878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173439891","display_name":"HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland","ror":"https://ror.org/01xkakk17","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173439891"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Müller Henning","raw_affiliation_strings":["HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Del\u00e9mont, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Del\u00e9mont, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173439891"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070612619","display_name":"Christiane K\u00fchl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8696-2363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuhl Christiane K.","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020402349","display_name":"Thomas M. Deserno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3492-4407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deserno Thomas M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006069152"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3051,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61188052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"180","issue":null,"first_page":"159","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.7815982103347778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7777210474014282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.621978223323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.6143671274185181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dicom","display_name":"DICOM","score":0.6023039817810059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5648471117019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4777723550796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-coding","display_name":"Color-coding","score":0.4767014682292938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.47247716784477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3652191758155823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3617055416107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3309776186943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11476081609725952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.7815982103347778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7777210474014282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.621978223323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.6143671274185181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77331912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81095","display_name":"DICOM","level":2,"score":0.6023039817810059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5648471117019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4777723550796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104597421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148529","display_name":"Color-coding","level":2,"score":0.4767014682292938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.47247716784477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3652191758155823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3617055416107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3309776186943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11476081609725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004282","descriptor_name":"Documentation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004282","descriptor_name":"Documentation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004282","descriptor_name":"Documentation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011873","descriptor_name":"Radiology Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011873","descriptor_name":"Radiology Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011873","descriptor_name":"Radiology Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-101-4-159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-101-4-159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:22874172","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22874172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037567114","https://openalex.org/W2046103426","https://openalex.org/W2057947771","https://openalex.org/W2086962047","https://openalex.org/W2088963879","https://openalex.org/W2095027069","https://openalex.org/W2114063639","https://openalex.org/W2141619730","https://openalex.org/W2163955406","https://openalex.org/W2404131241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352944256","https://openalex.org/W2528730528","https://openalex.org/W2358954258","https://openalex.org/W2376146719","https://openalex.org/W2355550873","https://openalex.org/W1513288651","https://openalex.org/W2015793465","https://openalex.org/W2376984068","https://openalex.org/W2506386910","https://openalex.org/W2117928543"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Content-based":[0],"image":[1,28,58],"retrieval":[2],"(CBIR)":[3],"provides":[4],"novel":[5],"options":[6],"to":[7,54],"access":[8,55],"large":[9],"repositories":[10],"of":[11,25,93,107,157],"medical":[12],"images,":[13],"in":[14,65,82,110,155],"particular":[15],"for":[16,27,45,112,137,178],"storing,":[17],"querying":[18],"and":[19,34,128,149],"reporting.":[20],"This":[21,51],"requires":[22],"a":[23,71,162],"revisit":[24],"nomenclatures":[26],"classification":[29],"such":[30],"as":[31,132,134],"DICOM,":[32],"SNOMED,":[33],"RadLex.":[35],"For":[36],"instance,":[37],"DICOM":[38],"defines":[39],"only":[40],"about":[41],"20":[42],"concept":[43],"terms":[44],"body":[46,140],"regions,":[47],"which":[48,152,175],"partly":[49],"overlap.":[50],"is":[52,176],"insufficient":[53],"the":[56,62,83,179],"visual":[57],"characteristics.":[59],"In":[60,100],"2002,":[61],"Image":[63],"Retrieval":[64],"Medical":[66],"Applications":[67],"(IRMA)":[68],"project":[69],"proposed":[70],"mono-hierarchic,":[72],"multi-axial":[73],"coding":[74,171],"scheme":[75],"called":[76],"IRMA":[77,165],"Code.":[78],"It":[79],"was":[80],"used":[81],"Cross":[84],"Language":[85],"Evaluation":[86],"Forum":[87],"(ImageCLEF)":[88],"annotation":[89],"tasks.":[90],"Ten":[91],"years":[92],"experience":[94],"have":[95],"discovered":[96],"several":[97],"weak":[98],"points.":[99],"this":[101],"paper,":[102],"we":[103],"propose":[104],"eight":[105],"axes":[106],"three":[108],"levels":[109],"hierarchy":[111],"(A)":[113],"anatomy,":[114],"(B)":[115],"biological":[116],"system,":[117],"(C)":[118],"configuration,":[119],"(D)":[120],"direction,":[121],"(E)":[122],"equipment,":[123],"(F)":[124],"finding,":[125],"(G)":[126],"generation,":[127],"(H)":[129],"human":[130],"maneuver":[131],"well":[133],"additional":[135],"flags":[136],"age":[138],"class,":[139],"side,":[141],"contrast":[142],"agent,":[143],"ethnicity,":[144],"finding":[145],"certainty,":[146],"gender,":[147],"quality,":[148],"scanned":[150],"film,":[151],"are":[153],"captured":[154],"form":[156],"another":[158],"axis":[159],"(I).":[160],"Using":[161],"tag-based":[163],"notation":[164],"Code":[166],"II":[167],"supports":[168],"multiple":[169],"selection":[170],"within":[172],"one":[173],"axis,":[174],"required":[177],"new":[180],"main":[181],"categories.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}