{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171844289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-928-8-161","title":"An Object-oriented Model for Representing Semantic Locality in the UMLS","display_name":"An Object-oriented Model for Representing Semantic Locality in the UMLS","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171844289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-928-8-161","mag":"2171844289","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11604725"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-60750-928-8-161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-928-8-161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-928-8-161","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070323172","display_name":"O Bodenreider","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800548410","display_name":"United States National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bodenreider Olivier","raw_affiliation_strings":["U. S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. olivier@nlm.nih.gov"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U. S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. olivier@nlm.nih.gov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800548410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070323172"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800548410"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6071,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90672753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"Pt 1","first_page":"161","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-medical-language-system","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","score":0.9008301496505737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locality","display_name":"Locality","score":0.7693319916725159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7031257748603821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5877723693847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5393455028533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4367290139198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41233670711517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.23587745428085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.06191730499267578}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69505689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455338","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","level":2,"score":0.9008301496505737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779808786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664603","display_name":"Locality","level":2,"score":0.7693319916725159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7031257748603821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5877723693847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5393455028533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4367290139198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41233670711517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.23587745428085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.06191730499267578}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-60750-928-8-161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-928-8-161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:11604725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11604725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4296525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4296525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Stud Health Technol Inform","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-60750-928-8-161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-928-8-161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13249059","https://openalex.org/W38667348","https://openalex.org/W101651648","https://openalex.org/W188974505","https://openalex.org/W1527781776","https://openalex.org/W1591949699","https://openalex.org/W2101747459","https://openalex.org/W2115871101","https://openalex.org/W2128831493","https://openalex.org/W2130160813","https://openalex.org/W2135240301","https://openalex.org/W2161363224","https://openalex.org/W2162311237","https://openalex.org/W2209694036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W79619734","https://openalex.org/W2010487328","https://openalex.org/W2340589664","https://openalex.org/W2003127701","https://openalex.org/W2563868050","https://openalex.org/W1822792362","https://openalex.org/W1507779355","https://openalex.org/W2575181596","https://openalex.org/W2138789621","https://openalex.org/W2069107439"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"information":[1],"models":[2,15],"have":[3],"been":[4],"developed":[5],"for":[6,23,54,69],"the":[7,28,41,45,71,74,79],"Unified":[8],"Medical":[9],"Language":[10],"System":[11],"(UMLS).":[12],"While":[13],"some":[14],"are":[16,47,81,85],"term-oriented,":[17],"a":[18],"knowledge-oriented":[19],"model":[20,38],"is":[21,98],"needed":[22],"representing":[24,55],"semantic":[25,30,42,58,67],"locality,":[26],"i.e.":[27],"various":[29],"links":[31],"among":[32],"concepts.":[33],"We":[34],"propose":[35],"an":[36],"object-oriented":[37],"in":[39,78],"which":[40],"features":[43],"of":[44,73,91,95],"UMLS":[46,80],"made":[48],"available":[49],"through":[50],"four":[51],"major":[52],"classes":[53],"Metathesaurus":[56],"concepts,":[57],"types,":[59],"inter-concept":[60],"relationships":[61,76],"and":[62],"Semantic":[63],"Network":[64],"relationships.":[65],"Additional":[66],"methods":[68],"reducing":[70],"complexity":[72],"hierarchical":[75],"represented":[77],"proposed.":[82],"Implementation":[83],"details":[84],"presented,":[86],"as":[87,89],"well":[88],"examples":[90],"use.":[92],"The":[93],"interest":[94],"this":[96],"approach":[97],"discussed.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
