{"id":"https://openalex.org/W42823784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-606-5-873","title":"Learning When to Use Lazy Learning in Constraint Solving","display_name":"Learning When to Use Lazy Learning in Constraint Solving","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W42823784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-606-5-873","mag":"42823784"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-60750-606-5-873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-606-5-873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-606-5-873","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059061177","display_name":"Ian P. Gent","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5604-7006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","display_name":"University of St Andrews","ror":"https://ror.org/02wn5qz54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gent Ian P.","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jefferson Chris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","display_name":"University of St Andrews","ror":"https://ror.org/02wn5qz54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jefferson Chris","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032997049","display_name":"Lars Kotthoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4635-6873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","display_name":"University of St Andrews","ror":"https://ror.org/02wn5qz54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kotthoff Lars","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Miguel Ian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","display_name":"University of St Andrews","ror":"https://ror.org/02wn5qz54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Ian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016700888","display_name":"Neil C. A. Moore","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","display_name":"University of St Andrews","ror":"https://ror.org/02wn5qz54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moore Neil C.A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079214634","display_name":"Peter Nightingale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-8634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","display_name":"University of St Andrews","ror":"https://ror.org/02wn5qz54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nightingale Peter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027375526","display_name":"Karen E. Petrie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-7962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177639307","display_name":"University of Dundee","ror":"https://ror.org/03h2bxq36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petrie Karen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dundee, Scotland, UK;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dundee, Scotland, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059061177"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5767,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96941489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.6239970922470093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5710007548332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-learning","display_name":"Constraint learning","score":0.4421805739402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4306156635284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.34976112842559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.3322916030883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2310471534729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-satisfaction","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction","score":0.18614056706428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-consistency","display_name":"Local consistency","score":0.08382010459899902}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.6239970922470093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5710007548332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29230964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164376","display_name":"Constraint learning","level":5,"score":0.4421805739402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4306156635284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34976112842559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3322916030883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2310471534729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44616089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30158686","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction","level":3,"score":0.18614056706428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137105694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3407510","display_name":"Local consistency","level":4,"score":0.08382010459899902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-60750-606-5-873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-606-5-873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/9f77e96c-968a-41d9-84e3-c619835fb768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/9f77e96c-968a-41d9-84e3-c619835fb768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400523","display_name":"Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177639307","host_organization_name":"University of Dundee","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gent, I P, Jefferson, C, Kotthoff, L, Miguel, I, Moore, N C A, Nightingale, P & Petrie, K 2010, Learning when to use lazy learning in constraint solving. in H Coelho, R Studer & M Wooldridge (eds), ECAI 2010 : 19th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 16-20 August 2010, Lisbon, Portugal - including Prestigious Applications of Artificial Intelligence (PAIS-2010). Proceedings. Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications, vol. 215, IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp. 873-878, 19th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Lisbon, Portugal, 16/08/10. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-606-5-873","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-60750-606-5-873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-606-5-873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1245771","https://openalex.org/W113569212","https://openalex.org/W856071238","https://openalex.org/W1495775210","https://openalex.org/W1504694836","https://openalex.org/W1522248029","https://openalex.org/W1567870026","https://openalex.org/W1570754865","https://openalex.org/W1583185913","https://openalex.org/W1593966840","https://openalex.org/W1598380601","https://openalex.org/W1871585472","https://openalex.org/W1990600049","https://openalex.org/W1997187522","https://openalex.org/W2106333643","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2123504579","https://openalex.org/W2125336041","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2141363466","https://openalex.org/W2147148915","https://openalex.org/W2337098149","https://openalex.org/W2966207845","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385764505","https://openalex.org/W3003470753","https://openalex.org/W2381224930","https://openalex.org/W2121633746","https://openalex.org/W2729734553","https://openalex.org/W2611943309","https://openalex.org/W2044707813","https://openalex.org/W2042246031","https://openalex.org/W2296605212","https://openalex.org/W2360238382"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learning":[0],"in":[1,61,102,125,170],"the":[2,103,151,166,176],"context":[3,104],"of":[4,47,105,144,179],"constraint":[5,49,156],"solving":[6],"is":[7,77,86],"a":[8,31,52,55,67,106,118,145,159],"technique":[9,57],"by":[10],"which":[11,70,122,129],"previously":[12],"unknown":[13],"constraints":[14],"are":[15],"uncovered":[16],"during":[17],"search":[18,60],"and":[19,150,154],"used":[20,115],"to":[21,30,42,58,79,88,116],"speed":[22],"up":[23],"subsequent":[24],"search.":[25],"Recently,":[26],"lazy":[27,64,130,152],"learning,":[28],"similar":[29],"successful":[32],"idea":[33],"from":[34],"satisfiability":[35],"modulo":[36],"theories":[37],"solvers,":[38],"has":[39],"been":[40],"shown":[41],"be":[43,89,114,136],"an":[44],"effective":[45],"means":[46],"incorporating":[48],"learning":[50,65,97,131,153],"into":[51],"solver.":[53,161],"Although":[54],"powerful":[56],"reduce":[59],"some":[62],"circumstances,":[63],"introduces":[66],"substantial":[68],"overhead,":[69],"can":[71,113],"outweigh":[72],"its":[73],"benefits.":[74],"Hence,":[75],"it":[76,85],"desirable":[78],"know":[80],"beforehand":[81],"whether":[82],"or":[83,133],"not":[84,135],"expected":[87],"useful.":[90],"We":[91,99],"approach":[92],"this":[93],"problem":[94,168],"using":[95,147],"machine":[96],"(ML).":[98],"show":[100,175],"that,":[101],"large":[107],"benchmark":[108,172],"set,":[109,173],"standard":[110,155,160],"ML":[111],"approaches":[112],"learn":[117],"simple,":[119],"cheap":[120],"classifier":[121,149],"performs":[123],"well":[124],"identifying":[126],"instances":[127],"on":[128],"should":[132,134],"used.":[137],"Furthermore,":[138],"we":[139,174],"demonstrate":[140],"significant":[141],"performance":[142],"improvements":[143],"system":[146],"our":[148,171,180],"solvers":[157],"over":[158],"Through":[162],"rigorous":[163],"cross-validation":[164],"across":[165],"different":[167],"classes":[169],"general":[177],"applicability":[178],"learned":[181],"classifier.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
