{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407809963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-58603-891-5-843","title":"Evaluation Evaluation","display_name":"Evaluation Evaluation","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407809963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-58603-891-5-843"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-58603-891-5-843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-58603-891-5-843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116362684","display_name":"Powers David M. W.","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Powers David M. W.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5116362684"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42494596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.37070000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.37070000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.05380000174045563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.04039999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3149332106113434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3149332106113434}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-58603-891-5-843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-58603-891-5-843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,10,30,35,41,46,77,87,108,112,128],"last":[2],"decade":[3],"there":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"increasing":[7,82],"concern":[8],"about":[9],"biases":[11],"embodied":[12],"in":[13,63,72],"traditional":[14],"evaluation":[15,58],"methods":[16,22],"for":[17],"Natural":[18],"Language":[19],"Processing/Learning,":[20],"particularly":[21],"borrowed":[23],"from":[24],"Information":[25],"Retrieval.":[26],"Without":[27],"knowledge":[28],"of":[29,34,70,79,89],"Bias":[31],"and":[32,52,92,123],"Prevalence":[33],"contingency":[36],"being":[37],"tested,":[38],"or":[39,62],"equivalently":[40],"expectation":[42],"due":[43],"to":[44,76,110],"chance,":[45],"simple":[47],"conditional":[48],"probabilities":[49],"Recall,":[50],"Precision":[51],"Accuracy":[53],"are":[54],"not":[55],"meaningful":[56],"as":[57,66,86],"measures,":[59],"either":[60],"individually":[61],"combinations":[64],"such":[65,85],"F-factor.":[67],"The":[68],"existence":[69],"bias":[71],"NLP":[73],"measures":[74,125],"leads":[75],"‘improvement’":[78],"systems":[80],"by":[81,95],"their":[83],"bias,":[84],"practice":[88],"improving":[90],"tagging":[91],"parsing":[93],"scores":[94],"using":[96],"most":[97],"common":[98],"value":[99],"(e.g.":[100],"water":[101],"is":[102],"always":[103],"a":[104],"Noun)":[105],"rather":[106],"than":[107],"attempting":[109],"discover":[111],"correct":[113],"one.":[114],"In":[115],"this":[116],"paper,":[117],"we":[118],"will":[119],"analyze":[120],"both":[121],"biased":[122],"unbiased":[124],"theoretically,":[126],"characterizing":[127],"precise":[129],"relationship":[130],"between":[131],"all":[132],"these":[133],"measures.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}