{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1505859165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-003-03-0197","title":"Polynomial-Time Multi-Selectivity","display_name":"Polynomial-Time Multi-Selectivity","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1505859165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-003-03-0197","mag":"1505859165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1505859165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/6995350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","raw_type":null},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/6995350","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Joerg Rothe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joerg Rothe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088546793","display_name":"Lane A. Hemaspaandra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0659-5204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lane A. Hemaspaandra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088236477","display_name":"Osamu Watanabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0284-7566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76198965","display_name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/05qpz1x62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osamu Watanabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut fuer Informatik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universit\u00e4t Jena, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut fuer Informatik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universit\u00e4t Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044020537","display_name":"Zhigen Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigen Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00176232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selectivity","display_name":"Selectivity","score":0.6188679337501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial","display_name":"Polynomial","score":0.4902511239051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4574855864048004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3285413980484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.21640101075172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry","display_name":"Organic chemistry","score":0.06405383348464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.06116229295730591}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118792377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108584245","display_name":"Selectivity","level":3,"score":0.6188679337501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.4902511239051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4574855864048004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3285413980484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.21640101075172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.06405383348464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.06116229295730591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1505859165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/6995350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.106.960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.106.960","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.jucs.org/jucs_3_3/polynomial_time/Hemaspaandra_L_A.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.342.8779","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.342.8779","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/cs/9907034v1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.3217/jucs-003-03-0197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-003-03-0197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400660","display_name":"TUGraz OPEN Library (Graz University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","host_organization_name":"Graz University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:1505859165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/6995350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970089350","https://openalex.org/W1982717290","https://openalex.org/W1999609654","https://openalex.org/W2002089154","https://openalex.org/W2007464118","https://openalex.org/W2011042573","https://openalex.org/W2017240293","https://openalex.org/W2033152671","https://openalex.org/W2033908054","https://openalex.org/W2037662783","https://openalex.org/W2039733812","https://openalex.org/W2044558965","https://openalex.org/W2047808405","https://openalex.org/W2062856555","https://openalex.org/W2065251436","https://openalex.org/W2067811682","https://openalex.org/W2069139349","https://openalex.org/W2092130624","https://openalex.org/W2098655063","https://openalex.org/W2140152225","https://openalex.org/W2144669277","https://openalex.org/W2154327057","https://openalex.org/W2157273288","https://openalex.org/W2913624541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001919142","https://openalex.org/W2107979732","https://openalex.org/W2024384024","https://openalex.org/W4318773840","https://openalex.org/W1964907177","https://openalex.org/W3032921562","https://openalex.org/W2046388422","https://openalex.org/W1508761541","https://openalex.org/W2070661372","https://openalex.org/W2013980822"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,66,200],"introduce":[1],"a":[2,9,119],"generalization":[3],"of":[4,13,33,56,61,91,98,166,190,220],"Selman&amp;apos;s":[5],"P-selectivity":[6],"that":[7,126,130,137,186,206,212],"yields":[8],"more":[10],"flexible":[11],"notion":[12],"selectivity,":[14],"called":[15],"(polynomial-time)":[16],"multi-selectivity,":[17],"in":[18,54,96,150,158,161,176,226],"which":[19,75],"the":[20,43,58,62,68,85,89,103,127,133,155,163,167,188,221,229],"selector":[21],"is":[22,118,184,193,207,213,232],"allowed":[23],"to":[24,41,216,235],"operate":[25],"on":[26,209],"multiple":[27],"input":[28],"strings.":[29],"Since":[30],"our":[31,106],"introduction":[32],"this":[34],"class,":[35],"it":[36,183],"has":[37],"been":[38],"used":[39],"[HJRW96]":[40],"prove":[42,77,138],"first":[44],"known":[45,185],"(and":[46],"optimal)":[47],"lower":[48],"bounds":[49],"for":[50,132,144],"generalized":[51,107],"selectivity-like":[52],"classes":[53,109],"terms":[55,97],"EL2,":[57],"second":[59,164],"level":[60,165],"extended":[63,203],"low":[64,168],"hierarchy.":[65],"study":[67,84],"resulting":[69],"selectivity":[70,108,204],"hierarchy,":[71,123],"denoted":[72],"by":[73],"SH,":[74],"we":[76,83,124],"does":[78],"not":[79,194],"collapse.":[80],"In":[81,146],"particular,":[82,147],"internal":[86],"structure":[87],"and":[88,93,100,110,136,172,211,224],"properties":[90],"SH":[92,117,151,159,177,210],"completely":[94],"establish,":[95],"incomparability":[99],"strict":[101],"inclusion,":[102],"relations":[104],"between":[105],"Ogihara&amp;apos;s":[111],"P-mc":[112,230],"(polynomial-time":[113],"membership-comparable)":[114],"classes.":[115],"Although":[116],"strictly":[120],"increasing":[121],"infinite":[122],"show":[125],"core":[128],"results":[129],"hold":[131,143],"P-selective":[134,191,222],"sets":[135,149,157],"them":[139],"structurally":[140],"simple":[141],"also":[142],"SH.":[145],"all":[148],"have":[152],"small":[153],"circuits;":[154],"NP":[156],"are":[160],"Low2,":[162],"hierarchy":[169,205],"within":[170],"NP;":[171],"SAT":[173],"cannot":[174],"be":[175],"unless":[178],"P":[179],"=":[180],"NP.":[181],"Finally,":[182],"P-Sel,":[187],"class":[189],"sets,":[192,223],"closed":[195],"under":[196],"union":[197],"or":[198],"intersection.":[199],"provide":[201],"an":[202],"based":[208],"large":[214],"enough":[215,234],"capture":[217],"those":[218],"closures":[219],"yet,":[225],"contrast":[227],"with":[228],"classes,":[231],"refined":[233],"distinguish":[236],"them.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
