{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002758009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3166/jancl.16.517-530","title":"Second-order reasoning in description logics","display_name":"Second-order reasoning in description logics","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002758009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3166/jancl.16.517-530","mag":"2002758009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3166/jancl.16.517-530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3166/jancl.16.517-530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93822064","display_name":"Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics","issn_l":"1166-3081","issn":["1166-3081","1958-5780"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007619026","display_name":"Andrzej Sza\u0142as","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6000-6581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115435","display_name":"University of Computer Sciences and Economics in Olsztyn","ror":"https://ror.org/0365deq57","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115435"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["PL","SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrzej Szalas","raw_affiliation_strings":["a The University of Economics and Computer Science , Wyzwolenia 30, 10-106 , Olsztyn , Poland","b Department of Computer and Information Science , University of Link\u00f6ping , SE-581 83 , Link\u00f6ping , Sweden","The University of Economics and Computer Science , Wyzwolenia 30, 10-106 , Olsztyn , Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a The University of Economics and Computer Science , Wyzwolenia 30, 10-106 , Olsztyn , Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115435"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Department of Computer and Information Science , University of Link\u00f6ping , SE-581 83 , Link\u00f6ping , Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Economics and Computer Science , Wyzwolenia 30, 10-106 , Olsztyn , Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115435"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007619026"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673","https://openalex.org/I4210115435"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4517,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72353276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3-4","first_page":"517","last_page":"530"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation-formalisms-in-three-dimensions","display_name":"Rotation formalisms in three dimensions","score":0.954982578754425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.6650229692459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-monotonic-logic","display_name":"Non-monotonic logic","score":0.6495354175567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formalism","display_name":"Formalism (music)","score":0.6440589427947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/description-logic","display_name":"Description logic","score":0.632850706577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6253040432929993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5580054521560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deductive-reasoning","display_name":"Deductive reasoning","score":0.5392121076583862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-reasoning","display_name":"Automated reasoning","score":0.5048971772193909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4459453821182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reasoning-system","display_name":"Reasoning system","score":0.44150981307029724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4211135506629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circumscription","display_name":"Circumscription","score":0.4161018133163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4118233323097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2816256880760193}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171018156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7370306","display_name":"Rotation formalisms in three dimensions","level":2,"score":0.954982578754425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.6650229692459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159032336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488768","display_name":"Non-monotonic logic","level":2,"score":0.6495354175567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.6440589427947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102993220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387196","display_name":"Description logic","level":2,"score":0.632850706577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6253040432929993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5580054521560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97364631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484284","display_name":"Deductive reasoning","level":2,"score":0.5392121076583862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.5048971772193909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4459453821182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89288958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301504","display_name":"Reasoning system","level":2,"score":0.44150981307029724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4211135506629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62360110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96777007","display_name":"Circumscription","level":2,"score":0.4161018133163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4118233323097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2816256880760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3166/jancl.16.517-530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3166/jancl.16.517-530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93822064","display_name":"Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics","issn_l":"1166-3081","issn":["1166-3081","1958-5780"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4147469","https://openalex.org/W75175369","https://openalex.org/W80737574","https://openalex.org/W168901028","https://openalex.org/W1507756784","https://openalex.org/W1522802449","https://openalex.org/W1527210396","https://openalex.org/W1536469384","https://openalex.org/W1536630500","https://openalex.org/W1555563750","https://openalex.org/W1558518027","https://openalex.org/W1558832481","https://openalex.org/W1582039021","https://openalex.org/W1603162778","https://openalex.org/W1667574996","https://openalex.org/W1809072088","https://openalex.org/W1989151171","https://openalex.org/W2014509439","https://openalex.org/W2051626205","https://openalex.org/W2057503265","https://openalex.org/W2104907826","https://openalex.org/W2145465694","https://openalex.org/W2168173740","https://openalex.org/W2945259913","https://openalex.org/W2999843026","https://openalex.org/W4206031975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482709970","https://openalex.org/W4300540234","https://openalex.org/W4293406962","https://openalex.org/W2151829588","https://openalex.org/W1545565886","https://openalex.org/W1513716387","https://openalex.org/W2041998877","https://openalex.org/W1660287273","https://openalex.org/W2006784674","https://openalex.org/W158180751"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Description":[0],"logics":[1,46,81,124],"refer":[2],"to":[3,16,29,50,128,155],"a":[4,26,30,64,76,126,156],"family":[5],"of":[6,32,44,86,101,134,141,159,167],"formalisms":[7,23,143],"concentrated":[8],"around":[9],"concepts,":[10],"roles":[11],"and":[12,24,103,177],"individuals.":[13],"They":[14],"belong":[15],"the":[17,42,53,71,87,96,113,135,139,168],"most":[18],"frequently":[19],"used":[20,106],"knowledge":[21,57],"representation":[22,58],"provide":[25],"logical":[27],"basis":[28],"variety":[31],"well":[33],"known":[34],"paradigms.":[35],"The":[36],"main":[37,136],"reasoning":[38,67,105,173],"tasks":[39],"considered":[40],"in":[41,70,107,170,172],"area":[43],"description":[45,80,123,160],"are":[47],"those":[48],"reducible":[49],"subsumption.":[51],"On":[52],"other":[54],"hand,":[55],"any":[56],"system":[59],"should":[60],"be":[61,110],"equipped":[62],"with":[63,82,125,174],"more":[65],"advanced":[66],"machinery.":[68],"Therefore":[69],"current":[72],"paper":[73],"we":[74,120,147,164],"make":[75],"step":[77],"towards":[78],"integrating":[79],"second-order":[83,92,114,142,150],"reasoning.":[84],"One":[85],"important":[88],"motivations":[89],"behind":[90],"introducing":[91],"formalism":[93],"follows":[94],"from":[95],"fact":[97],"that":[98],"many":[99],"forms":[100],"commonsense":[102],"nonmonotonic":[104],"AI":[108],"can":[109],"modelled":[111],"within":[112],"logic.":[115],"To":[116],"achieve":[117],"our":[118],"goal":[119],"first":[121],"extend":[122],"possibility":[127],"quantify":[129],"over":[130],"concepts.":[131],"Since":[132],"one":[133],"criticisms":[137],"against":[138],"use":[140],"is":[144],"their":[145],"complexity,":[146],"next":[148],"propose":[149],"quantifier":[151],"elimination":[152],"techniques":[153],"applicable":[154],"large":[157],"class":[158],"logic":[161],"formulas.":[162,180],"Finally":[163],"show":[165],"applications":[166],"techniques,":[169],"particular":[171],"circumscribed":[175],"concepts":[176],"approximated":[178],"terminological":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}