{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127157332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.24.60","title":"Buildability Enhancement of 3D Printed Concrete Using Carbonated Water and Partial Replacement of OPC with Reactive MgO","display_name":"Buildability Enhancement of 3D Printed Concrete Using Carbonated Water and Partial Replacement of OPC with Reactive MgO","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127157332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.24.60"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3151/jact.24.60","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.24.60","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jact/24/2/24_60/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17442495","display_name":"Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology","issn_l":"1346-8014","issn":["1346-8014","1347-3913"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jact/24/2/24_60/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092618069","display_name":"Kirushnapillai Kopitha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8311-928X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kirushnapillai Kopitha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Sustainable Infrastructure and Digital Construction, Swinburne University of Technology, VIC 3122, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Sustainable Infrastructure and Digital Construction, Swinburne University of Technology, VIC 3122, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124868662","display_name":"Pathmanathan Rajeev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pathmanathan Rajeev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Sustainable Infrastructure and Digital Construction, Swinburne University of Technology, VIC 3122, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Sustainable Infrastructure and Digital Construction, Swinburne University of Technology, VIC 3122, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062779840","display_name":"Jay Sanjayan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay Sanjayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Sustainable Infrastructure and Digital Construction, Swinburne University of Technology, VIC 3122, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Sustainable Infrastructure and Digital Construction, Swinburne University of Technology, VIC 3122, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124820689","display_name":"Yogarajah Elakneswaran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yogarajah Elakneswaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092618069"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40124766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"60","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbonation","display_name":"Carbonation","score":0.7473999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"Compressive strength","score":0.699400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rheology","display_name":"Rheology","score":0.6909000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement","display_name":"Cement","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortar","display_name":"Mortar","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portland-cement","display_name":"Portland cement","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissolution","display_name":"Dissolution","score":0.4812000095844269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.850600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120809312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2139722","display_name":"Carbonation","level":2,"score":0.7473999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.699400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200990466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271707","display_name":"Rheology","level":2,"score":0.6909000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130767629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7905205","display_name":"Mortar","level":2,"score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844123","display_name":"Portland cement","level":3,"score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.504800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88380143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416674","display_name":"Dissolution","level":2,"score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543218039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660","display_name":"Magnesium","level":2,"score":0.42239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.40389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56918372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288903","display_name":"Thixotropy","level":2,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776508417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4598593","display_name":"Belite","level":5,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982944804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26534","display_name":"Water consumption","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3151/jact.24.60","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.24.60","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jact/24/2/24_60/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17442495","display_name":"Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology","issn_l":"1346-8014","issn":["1346-8014","1347-3913"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3151/jact.24.60","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.24.60","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jact/24/2/24_60/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17442495","display_name":"Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology","issn_l":"1346-8014","issn":["1346-8014","1347-3913"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4730539917945862}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127157332.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1102449615","https://openalex.org/W1917968378","https://openalex.org/W1967547333","https://openalex.org/W1968194950","https://openalex.org/W1978089920","https://openalex.org/W1980281832","https://openalex.org/W2002539096","https://openalex.org/W2009892931","https://openalex.org/W2038695126","https://openalex.org/W2083839743","https://openalex.org/W2093311332","https://openalex.org/W2101455124","https://openalex.org/W2112869143","https://openalex.org/W2531531734","https://openalex.org/W2581367459","https://openalex.org/W2585706957","https://openalex.org/W2595975356","https://openalex.org/W2598580440","https://openalex.org/W2624733898","https://openalex.org/W2698577889","https://openalex.org/W2766903282","https://openalex.org/W2800610918","https://openalex.org/W2803012167","https://openalex.org/W2803690872","https://openalex.org/W2886568155","https://openalex.org/W2889812474","https://openalex.org/W2943510535","https://openalex.org/W2947719166","https://openalex.org/W2952257345","https://openalex.org/W2964356110","https://openalex.org/W2966119798","https://openalex.org/W2996237082","https://openalex.org/W2998662052","https://openalex.org/W3007524365","https://openalex.org/W3011882138","https://openalex.org/W3088666968","https://openalex.org/W3109537027","https://openalex.org/W3115095379","https://openalex.org/W3116138920","https://openalex.org/W3117693842","https://openalex.org/W3130251750","https://openalex.org/W3176332993","https://openalex.org/W3182884569","https://openalex.org/W3190464476","https://openalex.org/W3197331488","https://openalex.org/W3215135703","https://openalex.org/W4200146026","https://openalex.org/W4205449459","https://openalex.org/W4205554485","https://openalex.org/W4212953243","https://openalex.org/W4214860559","https://openalex.org/W4245952513","https://openalex.org/W4280631303","https://openalex.org/W4281249425","https://openalex.org/W4285890919","https://openalex.org/W4302362356","https://openalex.org/W4317212267","https://openalex.org/W4322505731","https://openalex.org/W4322631714","https://openalex.org/W4360858849","https://openalex.org/W4376869229","https://openalex.org/W4385697018","https://openalex.org/W4386006202","https://openalex.org/W4388494562","https://openalex.org/W4388888720","https://openalex.org/W4390452927","https://openalex.org/W4390569117","https://openalex.org/W4391752845","https://openalex.org/W4391914064","https://openalex.org/W4395085468","https://openalex.org/W4399551333","https://openalex.org/W4400839430","https://openalex.org/W4401942130","https://openalex.org/W4404315986","https://openalex.org/W4405686263","https://openalex.org/W4405760776","https://openalex.org/W4409174882","https://openalex.org/W4409201295","https://openalex.org/W4415186769","https://openalex.org/W4415289186","https://openalex.org/W4416377142"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3D":[0,55,225,264],"concrete":[1],"printing":[2,226],"(3DcP)":[3],"offers":[4,259],"a":[5,63,199,212],"transformative":[6],"approach":[7],"to":[8,86,104,117,161,198,248],"modern":[9],"construction,":[10,17],"providing":[11],"unique":[12],"benefits":[13],"such":[14,129],"as":[15,62,72,130],"faster":[16],"lower":[18],"labour":[19],"costs,":[20],"and":[21,31,67,95,115,135,142,149,181,191,218,238,267],"minimal":[22],"material":[23,80],"waste.":[24],"Despite":[25],"these":[26,46],"advantages,":[27],"high":[28],"cement":[29,65],"consumption":[30],"the":[32,73,106,119,207,229,242,249,253],"challenge":[33],"of":[34,82,109,122,189,215,252],"achieving":[35],"conflicting":[36],"rheological":[37,120],"requirements":[38],"limit":[39],"its":[40,222],"widespread":[41],"application.":[42],"This":[43,257],"study":[44,258],"addresses":[45],"challenges":[47],"by":[48],"developing":[49],"an":[50,78],"Ordinary":[51],"Portland":[52],"Cement":[53],"(OPC)-based":[54],"printable":[56,265],"mortar":[57],"incorporating":[58],"magnesium":[59],"oxide":[60],"(MgO)":[61],"partial":[64],"replacement":[66],"using":[68,145],"carbonated":[69],"water":[70,163,204],"(CW)":[71],"mixing":[74],"water.":[75],"MgO":[76,114,155,183],"is":[77],"abundant":[79],"capable":[81],"reacting":[83],"with":[84,178,202],"CO2":[85],"form":[87],"stable":[88],"carbonates,":[89],"while":[90,165],"CW":[91,116,166],"promotes":[92],"early":[93],"hydration":[94,102,237],"carbonation.":[96],"Unlike":[97],"previous":[98],"approaches":[99],"that":[100,154],"require":[101],"agents":[103],"overcome":[105],"low":[107],"dissolution":[108],"MgO,":[110],"this":[111],"work":[112],"combines":[113],"meet":[118],"demands":[121],"3DcP":[123],"without":[124],"additional":[125],"additives.":[126],"Rheological":[127],"properties":[128],"static":[131,157],"yield":[132,158,186],"stress,":[133],"buildability,":[134],"workability":[136],"were":[137],"evaluated":[138],"alongside":[139],"compressive":[140,219],"strength":[141],"microstructural":[143,233],"characteristics":[144],"XRD,":[146],"SEM,":[147],"TGA,":[148],"FTIR":[150],"analyses.":[151],"Results":[152],"showed":[153],"increased":[156],"stress":[159,187],"due":[160],"higher":[162],"absorption,":[164],"further":[167],"enhanced":[168,236],"it":[169],"through":[170],"accelerated":[171],"hydration.":[172],"The":[173],"MgO-CW":[174,243],"combinations,":[175],"particularly":[176],"mixes":[177],"25%":[179],"(25MCW)":[180],"50%":[182],"(50MCW),":[184],"exhibited":[185],"increases":[188],"505%":[190],"425%,":[192],"respectively,":[193],"after":[194],"30":[195],"minutes":[196],"compared":[197],"control":[200],"mix":[201],"pure":[203],"(CPW).":[205],"Among":[206],"tested":[208,230],"mixes,":[209],"25MCW":[210],"achieves":[211],"practical":[213],"balance":[214],"extrudability,":[216],"buildability":[217],"strength,":[220],"confirming":[221],"applicability":[223],"for":[224,261],"applications":[227],"under":[228],"conditions.":[231],"Moreover,":[232],"analysis":[234],"confirms":[235],"carbonation":[239],"reactions":[240],"in":[241],"modified":[244],"mix,":[245],"which":[246],"contribute":[247],"improved":[250],"performance":[251],"developed":[254],"sustainable":[255,268],"material.":[256],"insights":[260],"advancing":[262],"eco-friendly":[263],"materials":[266],"construction.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T06:11:40.159057","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}