{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135084873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i9.9657","title":"Multiclass Classification of Retinal and Optic Nerve Disorders Using Time-Domain Features from Band-Separated PERG Signals","display_name":"Multiclass Classification of Retinal and Optic Nerve Disorders Using Time-Domain Features from Band-Separated PERG Signals","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135084873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i9.9657"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v50i9.9657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i9.9657","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/9657/6555","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/9657/6555","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010159401","display_name":"Sathees Kumar Nataraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7156-8117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8541234","display_name":"University College of Bahrain","ror":"https://ror.org/00m2z1b30","country_code":"BH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8541234"]}],"countries":["BH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sathees Kumar Nataraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Technology Bahrain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology Bahrain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8541234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010159401"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8541234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25402463,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"9","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.5293999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.5293999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.1274999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12484","display_name":"Retinopathy of Prematurity Studies","score":0.054499998688697815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6013000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5238999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5011000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.45910000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optic-nerve","display_name":"Optic nerve","score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.37549999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.614300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6013000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5885000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5238999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5011000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.45910000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780837183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186029","display_name":"Optic nerve","level":2,"score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123860398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934605","display_name":"Multiclass classification","level":3,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910227669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retinal Disorder","level":3,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777624874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q927337","display_name":"Retinal ganglion cell","level":3,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910842333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186029","display_name":"Optic nerve diseases","level":3,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133529732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316772","display_name":"Retinal waves","level":5,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v50i9.9657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i9.9657","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/9657/6555","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v50i9.9657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i9.9657","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/9657/6555","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7135084873.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7135084873.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pattern":[0],"Electroretinogram":[1],"(PERG)":[2],"signals":[3,62],"offer":[4],"critical":[5],"insights":[6],"into":[7,63,88],"the":[8,42,135,154],"functional":[9],"status":[10],"of":[11,44,72,117,158],"retinal":[12,24],"ganglion":[13],"cells":[14],"and":[15,23,67,146,156],"are":[16],"widely":[17],"used":[18],"for":[19,163],"diagnosing":[20],"optic":[21],"nerve":[22],"pathologies.":[25],"While":[26],"existing":[27],"research":[28],"has":[29],"predominantly":[30],"emphasized":[31],"binary":[32],"classification":[33,51],"or":[34],"full-spectrum":[35],"signal":[36,165],"analysis,":[37],"limited":[38],"studies":[39],"have":[40,123],"addressed":[41],"use":[43],"frequency":[45,65,99],"band-based":[46],"feature":[47,161],"extraction":[48,162],"in":[49],"multiclass":[50],"scenarios.":[52],"This":[53],"study":[54],"introduces":[55],"a":[56,69],"novel":[57],"approach":[58],"that":[59],"segments":[60],"PERG":[61,164],"defined":[64],"bands":[66],"extracts":[68],"comprehensive":[70],"set":[71],"time-domain":[73,104,160],"features":[74,105],"to":[75,93],"support":[76],"five-class":[77],"classification.":[78,166],"The":[79],"dataset,":[80],"originally":[81],"comprising":[82],"15":[83],"diagnostic":[84,121],"classes,":[85],"was":[86],"consolidated":[87,115],"five":[89,118],"clinically":[90,119],"relevant":[91,120],"categories":[92],"ensure":[94],"balanced":[95],"representation.":[96],"From":[97],"each":[98],"band,":[100],"more":[101],"than":[102],"30":[103],"were":[106,130],"derived":[107],"per":[108],"eye,":[109],"capturing":[110],"key":[111],"waveform":[112],"characteristics.":[113],"A":[114],"dataset":[116],"classes":[122],"been":[124],"used.":[125],"Multiple":[126],"machine":[127],"learning":[128],"models":[129],"evaluated,":[131],"with":[132],"AdaBoost-ECOC":[133],"achieving":[134],"best":[136],"performance:":[137],"99.11%":[138],"\u00b1":[139,143,148],"1.26":[140],"accuracy,":[141],"82.92%":[142],"0.59":[144],"precision,":[145],"83.03%":[147],"0.55":[149],"F1-score.":[150],"These":[151],"results":[152],"demonstrate":[153],"effectiveness":[155],"efficiency":[157],"frequency-based":[159]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-03-13T00:00:00"}