{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130987503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i8.10898","title":"Real-Time Network Threat Detection in Intelligent Power Monitoring Systems Using Multiobjective Horse Herd Optimization and Online Streaming Random Forest","display_name":"Real-Time Network Threat Detection in Intelligent Power Monitoring Systems Using Multiobjective Horse Herd Optimization and Online Streaming Random Forest","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130987503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i8.10898"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v50i8.10898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i8.10898","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/10898/6528","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/10898/6528","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126562842","display_name":"Lei Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Jiangsu Marketing Service Center, Nanjing Jiangsu 210003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Jiangsu Marketing Service Center, Nanjing Jiangsu 210003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126574565","display_name":"Yang Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Jiangsu Marketing Service Center, Nanjing Jiangsu 210003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Jiangsu Marketing Service Center, Nanjing Jiangsu 210003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125726610","display_name":"Quan Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146748","display_name":"Frontier Environmental Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04caf4057","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146748"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiang Su Frontier Electric Technology Co.Ltd. Nanjing Jiangsu 211102, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiang Su Frontier Electric Technology Co.Ltd. Nanjing Jiangsu 211102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146748"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024970921","display_name":"Chonghui Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146748","display_name":"Frontier Environmental Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04caf4057","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146748"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chonghui Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiang Su Frontier Electric Technology Co.Ltd. Nanjing Jiangsu 211102, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiang Su Frontier Electric Technology Co.Ltd. Nanjing Jiangsu 211102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146748"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17844409,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"8","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.3249000012874603,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.3249000012874603,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.2087000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.05660000070929527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6693999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5482000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5055999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.4700999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.32030001282691956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7633000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6693999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5482000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5055999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4952000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.4700999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988656282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Activity detection","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120567893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1582085","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193519340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q891179","display_name":"Data loss","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v50i8.10898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i8.10898","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/10898/6528","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v50i8.10898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i8.10898","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/10898/6528","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7130987503.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7130987503.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,37,74,83,89,120,125,151,182,243,245],"threats":[2],"to":[3,51,62,73,106,123,132,181,213,242],"critical":[4,19],"infrastructure":[5],"have":[6,15],"grown":[7],"more":[8,155],"sophisticated,":[9],"securing":[10],"intelligent":[11,38,209],"power":[12,39,220],"monitoring":[13,40,221],"systems":[14],"taken":[16],"on":[17,32,82,98,227],"new":[18],"importance.":[20],"The":[21,42,198],"paper":[22],"introduces":[23],"a":[24,204],"scenario":[25],"of":[26,85,100,103,110,142,145,200,247],"network":[27,69,196],"security":[28,95,210],"situation":[29],"awareness":[30],"based":[31,97],"Big":[33],"Data":[34],"particularly":[35],"in":[36,77,194,215,219],"setting.":[41],"suggested":[43],"framework":[44],"incorporates":[45],"Multiobjective":[46],"Horse":[47],"Herd":[48],"Optimization":[49],"(MHHO)":[50],"allow":[52,63],"optimal":[53],"feature":[54],"selection,":[55],"and":[56,93,116,129,169,173,192,208,238,249],"Online":[57],"Streaming":[58],"Random":[59],"Forest":[60],"(OSRF)":[61],"real-time":[64,140],"threat":[65,236],"detection":[66,121,186,233,248],"so":[67],"that":[68,150],"activities":[70],"could":[71],"adapt":[72],"dynamic":[75],"environment":[76],"an":[78],"online":[79],"scenario.":[80],"Depending":[81],"set":[84],"KDD":[86],"Cup99":[87],"dataset,":[88],"system":[90],"will":[91,225],"capture":[92],"analyse":[94],"risks":[96],"usage":[99],"huge":[101],"size":[102],"heterogeneous":[104],"data":[105,135],"detect":[107],"some":[108],"type":[109],"attacks":[111],"like":[112],"DoS,":[113],"Probe,":[114],"U2R":[115],"R2L.":[117],"MHHO":[118],"optimizes":[119],"channel":[122],"choose":[124],"most":[126],"informative":[127],"features":[128],"OSRF":[130],"scales":[131],"high-velocity":[133],"streaming":[134],"efficiently;":[136],"they":[137],"also":[138],"guarantee":[139],"identification":[141],"changing":[143,195],"patterns":[144],"attacks.":[146],"Experimental":[147],"analysis":[148],"shows":[149],"proposed":[152],"approach":[153],"is":[154,203],"accurate":[156],"as":[157,161,166],"96.2":[158],"%,":[159],"precise":[160],"95.8%,":[162],"has":[163],"higher":[164],"recall":[165],"95.4":[167],"%":[168,172],"F1-score":[170],"95.6":[171],"lower":[174],"error":[175],"rates":[176],"(MSE,":[177],"RMSE)":[178],"when":[179],"compared":[180],"previously":[183],"tested":[184],"intrusion":[185],"techniques,":[187],"which":[188],"proves":[189],"its":[190],"effectiveness":[191],"flexibility":[193],"conditions.":[197],"contribution":[199],"this":[201],"work":[202,224],"scalable,":[205],"real":[206],"time,":[207],"solution":[211],"able":[212],"assist":[214],"proactive":[216],"decision":[217],"making":[218],"activities.":[222],"Future":[223],"concentrate":[226],"experimenting":[228],"with":[229],"deep":[230],"learning-based":[231],"hybrid":[232],"models,":[234],"graph-based":[235],"correlation,":[237],"explainable":[239],"AI":[240],"approaches":[241],"improve":[244],"level":[246],"interpretability":[250],"further.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-02-23T00:00:00"}