{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130835972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i7.9833","title":"ThermalTrack: Efficient Thermal Face Detection with Haar Cascades and Tracking for Search and Rescue","display_name":"ThermalTrack: Efficient Thermal Face Detection with Haar Cascades and Tracking for Search and Rescue","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130835972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i7.9833"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v50i7.9833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i7.9833","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/9833/6482","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/9833/6482","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126554807","display_name":"Ankita Nagmote","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154490","display_name":"K. J. Somaiya Hospital & Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/047zg7c19","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262393","display_name":"Somaiya Vidyavihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/031chmq77","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262393"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50783897","display_name":"K J Somaiya Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05f71q776","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262393","https://openalex.org/I50783897"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ankita Nagmote","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, K J Somaiya School Of Engineering, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Mumbai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, K J Somaiya School Of Engineering, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154490","https://openalex.org/I4405262393","https://openalex.org/I50783897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126535905","display_name":"Anushree Devarashetty","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I226983648","display_name":"Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04qksbm30","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226983648"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anushree Devarashetty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, SVKM\u2019s NMIMS, Mumbai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, SVKM\u2019s NMIMS, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I226983648"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028414243","display_name":"Shubha Puthran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7363-4528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I226983648","display_name":"Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04qksbm30","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226983648"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shubha Puthran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, SVKM\u2019s NMIMS, Mumbai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, SVKM\u2019s NMIMS, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I226983648"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20021583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"7","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.6401000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.6401000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.05429999902844429,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.05180000141263008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.560699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4546000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.41909998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7347999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6953999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.560699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4546000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.41909998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3986999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123134398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493819","display_name":"Haar-like features","level":5,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v50i7.9833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i7.9833","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/9833/6482","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v50i7.9833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i7.9833","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/9833/6482","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7130835972.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7130835972.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Disasters":[0],"pose":[1],"immense":[2],"challenges":[3],"to":[4,90,149,183],"search":[5],"and":[6,12,64,86,123,136,159],"rescue":[7],"(SAR)":[8],"operations,":[9],"where":[10],"rapid":[11],"accurate":[13],"survivor":[14],"detection":[15,30,59,80,101,141,161],"is":[16],"critical":[17],"for":[18,34,74,169],"mission":[19],"success.":[20],"This":[21],"paper":[22],"presents":[23],"ThermalTrack,":[24],"a":[25],"computationally":[26,184],"efficient":[27],"real-time":[28,166],"face":[29,68],"system":[31,49,117,164],"specifically":[32],"designed":[33],"thermal":[35],"imaging":[36],"in":[37],"SAR":[38],"operations":[39],"usingUAV-mounted":[40],"FLIR":[41],"Lepton":[42],"3.5":[43],"cameras":[44],"(160\u00d7120":[45],"pixel":[46],"resolution).":[47],"Our":[48],"integrates":[50],"Histogrambased":[51],"Adaptive":[52],"Dynamic":[53],"Range":[54],"(HADR)":[55],"preprocessing":[56,139],"with":[57,105],"dual":[58],"pathways:":[60],"Haar":[61],"Cascade":[62],"classifiers":[63],"Dlib\u2019s":[65],"HOG-based":[66],"frontal":[67],"detector,":[69],"enhanced":[70],"by":[71,143],"Kalman":[72],"filtering":[73],"robust":[75],"multi-frametracking.":[76],"We":[77],"systematically":[78],"optimized":[79],"parameters":[81],"including":[82],"scale":[83],"factors":[84],"(1.1-1.5)":[85],"minimumneighbor":[87],"values":[88],"(3-7)":[89],"achieve":[91],"optimal":[92],"accuracy-speed":[93],"tradeoffs.":[94],"Experimental":[95],"validation":[96],"across":[97],"twodistance":[98],"scenarios":[99],"shows":[100],"accuracy":[102,181],"of":[103,108],"85-92%":[104],"processing":[106,173],"times":[107],"30-50ms":[109],"per":[110],"frame.":[111],"At50-meter":[112],"range":[113,127],"(aerial":[114],"operations),":[115,129],"the":[116],"achieves":[118],"92%":[119],"precision,":[120,133],"84%":[121],"recall,":[122,135],"88%":[124],"F1-score.":[125],"At10-meter":[126],"(ground":[128],"performance":[130],"reaches":[131],"85%":[132],"78%":[134],"81%":[137],"F1-score.HADR":[138],"improves":[140],"rates":[142],"13":[144],"percentage":[145],"points":[146],"(from":[147],"76%":[148],"89%),":[150],"while":[151,178],"Kalmanfiltering":[152],"provides":[153],"stable":[154],"tracking":[155],"during":[156],"brief":[157],"occlusions":[158],"reduces":[160],"jitter.":[162],"The":[163],"demonstrates":[165],"capability":[167],"suitable":[168],"resource-constrained":[170],"UAV":[171],"platforms,":[172],"at":[174],"20-33":[175],"framesper":[176],"second":[177],"maintaining":[179],"competitive":[180],"compared":[182],"intensive":[185],"CNN-based":[186],"approaches.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-02T14:50:37.381335","created_date":"2026-02-22T00:00:00"}