{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130858353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i7.10388","title":"Dynamic PDCA-ACO Model for Adaptive Course Scheduling in Educational Institutions","display_name":"Dynamic PDCA-ACO Model for Adaptive Course Scheduling in Educational Institutions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130858353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i7.10388"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v50i7.10388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i7.10388","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/10388/6500","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/10388/6500","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126542774","display_name":"Wenyong Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169071405","display_name":"Hebei North University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hqwnx39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169071405"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115299","display_name":"TED University","ror":"https://ror.org/0285rh439","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115299"]}],"countries":["CN","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Foreign Languages, Hebei North University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Foreign Languages, Hebei North University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169071405","https://openalex.org/I4210115299"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014078198","display_name":"Ge Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9045-1161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169071405","display_name":"Hebei North University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hqwnx39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169071405"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115299","display_name":"TED University","ror":"https://ror.org/0285rh439","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115299"]}],"countries":["CN","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Foreign Languages, Hebei North University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Foreign Languages, Hebei North University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169071405","https://openalex.org/I4210115299"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14437485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"7","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.058400001376867294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.058400001376867294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14496","display_name":"Educational Technology and E-Learning","score":0.041200000792741776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13676","display_name":"Educational and Technological Research","score":0.031700000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5587000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-priority-scheduling","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pdca","display_name":"PDCA","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-management","display_name":"Time management","score":0.29010000824928284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6413999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5587000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107568181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319000","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","level":3,"score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q820214","display_name":"PDCA","level":4,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166235249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355217","display_name":"Time management","level":2,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31689143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733809","display_name":"Fair-share scheduling","level":3,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127456818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238879","display_name":"Rate-monotonic scheduling","level":4,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779683958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640893","display_name":"Conflict management","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119948110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7858726","display_name":"Two-level scheduling","level":4,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v50i7.10388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i7.10388","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/10388/6500","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v50i7.10388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i7.10388","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/10388/6500","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7130858353.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7130858353.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Academic":[0],"scheduling":[1,32,180],"is":[2,91,104],"the":[3,14,54,120,146,173,177,187,193,197,208,215,223,230,233,240,245],"core":[4],"work":[5],"of":[6,16,40,59,176,232,239,247,250],"teaching":[7],"management":[8,57,76],"in":[9,46,106],"colleges":[10],"and":[11,28,44,56,73,99,102,112,122,130,166,186,222,229,252],"universities,":[12],"involving":[13],"optimization":[15,43],"complex":[17],"spatio-temporal":[18],"constraints":[19,251],"on":[20,153],"multi-dimensional":[21],"resources":[22],"such":[23,36],"as":[24,37],"courses,":[25],"teachers,":[26,159],"classrooms,":[27],"classes.":[29],"Traditional":[30],"class":[31,60,179],"methods":[33],"face":[34],"challenges":[35],"low":[38],"efficiency":[39,58],"large-scale":[41],"combination":[42],"difficulty":[45],"coping":[47],"with":[48],"dynamic":[49,74,83,195],"adjustment":[50,84],"needs,":[51],"which":[52],"restrict":[53],"quality":[55],"scheduling.":[61],"In":[62,142,192],"order":[63,143],"to":[64,78,124,134,137,144,162],"solve":[65],"this":[66,68],"problem,":[67],"study":[69],"combines":[70],"bioheuristic":[71],"algorithms":[72],"process":[75],"ideas":[77],"propose":[79],"an":[80,148],"ACO-driven":[81],"PDCA":[82,103],"model":[85,243],"for":[86,127,260],"circular":[87],"academic":[88],"scheduling:":[89],"ACO":[90,114,133],"improved":[92],"by":[93,203,213,220,227],"contrast":[94],"enhancement,":[95],"information":[96],"entropy":[97],"control":[98],"random":[100],"perturbation,":[101],"implemented":[105],"stages":[107],"-":[108],"Plan":[109],"clearly":[110],"constrains":[111],"initializes":[113],"parameters":[115],"(\u03b1\u2208[1.2,1.8],":[116],"etc.),":[117],"does":[118],"deploy":[119],"scheme":[121],"responds":[123],"interference,":[125],"checks":[126],"monitoring":[128],"anomalies,":[129],"Act":[131],"activates":[132],"locally":[135],"optimize":[136],"form":[138],"a":[139,257],"closed-loop":[140],"optimization.":[141],"verify":[145],"effectiveness,":[147],"experiment":[149],"was":[150,181,190,201,211,235],"designed":[151],"based":[152],"real":[154],"data":[155],"from":[156],"universities":[157],"(80":[158],"60":[160],"classrooms)":[161],"compare":[163],"traditional":[164],"GA":[165],"static":[167],"ACO.":[168],"The":[169,242],"results":[170],"showed":[171],"that":[172,238],"success":[174],"rate":[175,218],"initial":[178],"96.5%":[182],"(90.1%":[183],"super-contrast":[184],"mean,":[185],"test":[188],"difference":[189],"significant).":[191],"6":[194],"adjustments,":[196],"conflict":[198,209],"resolution":[199],"time":[200],"reduced":[202,212],"42%":[204],"(to":[205],"49":[206],"minutes),":[207],"course":[210],"63%,":[214],"classroom":[216],"utilization":[217],"increased":[219,226],"5.8%,":[221],"teacher":[224],"satisfaction":[225],"11.3%,":[228],"stability":[231],"algorithm":[234],"2-4":[236],"times":[237],"comparison.":[241],"highlights":[244],"advantages":[246],"efficient":[248],"handling":[249],"rapid":[253],"response":[254],"adjustment,":[255],"providing":[256],"feasible":[258],"path":[259],"intelligent":[261],"educational":[262],"management.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-02-22T00:00:00"}