{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7139121011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i10.12617","title":"Spatiotemporal Electric Energy Efficiency Evaluation via Hybrid Graph Neural Network and Transformer Architecture","display_name":"Spatiotemporal Electric Energy Efficiency Evaluation via Hybrid Graph Neural Network and Transformer Architecture","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7139121011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i10.12617"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v50i10.12617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i10.12617","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/12617/6592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/12617/6592","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088248647","display_name":"Y. Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145820","display_name":"Guangzhou Metro Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04gfyef21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145820"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongning Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Metro Operation Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Metro Operation Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145820"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088248647"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145820"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.828,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93937578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"10","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.6013000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.6013000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.07020000368356705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.03880000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6097999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5185999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.3319000005722046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7264000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6097999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5185999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104122410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416406","display_name":"Network model","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779990667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5953266","display_name":"Hybrid neural network","level":3,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v50i10.12617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i10.12617","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/12617/6592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v50i10.12617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v50i10.12617","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/12617/6592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47597017884254456,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7139121011.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7139121011.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"power":[1,20,99,167,180],"efficiency":[2,22],"assessment":[3,147],"mechanisms":[4],"face":[5],"limitations":[6],"in":[7,49,85,178],"processing":[8],"spatiotemporal":[9,27],"data.":[10,90],"Therefore,":[11],"we":[12,32],"combined":[13,33],"deep":[14],"learning":[15],"models":[16,162],"to":[17,37,44,59,74,194,213],"construct":[18],"a":[19,53,130,190,219],"resource":[21],"evaluation":[23],"method":[24,204],"that":[25,155],"integrates":[26],"information.":[28,40],"Regarding":[29],"the":[30,46,76,94,110,149,179,200,206,216],"model,":[31],"graph":[34,184],"neural":[35],"networks":[36,186],"process":[38,45],"spatial":[39,66,89,176],"Transformers":[41],"were":[42,163],"used":[43],"features":[47],"implicit":[48],"continuous":[50],"information,":[51],"and":[52,65,82,88,105,121,126,142,159,188],"hybrid":[54,172],"GNN-Transformer":[55,173],"approach":[56],"was":[57],"employed":[58,70],"achieve":[60],"dual":[61],"modeling":[62],"of":[63,78,148,222],"temporal":[64,87,197],"features.":[67],"The":[68,170],"model":[69,95,158,174,195],"an":[71],"attention":[72],"mechanism":[73,193],"capture":[75],"characteristics":[77],"key":[79],"time":[80],"nodes":[81],"critical":[83],"loads":[84],"both":[86],"This":[91],"paper":[92],"evaluates":[93],"on":[96,165,215],"two":[97],"real-world":[98,166],"system":[100],"datasets:":[101],"(1)":[102],"hourly":[103],"load":[104,127],"day-ahead":[106],"price":[107],"data":[108,128],"from":[109,129,211],"US":[111],"PJM":[112,201],"grid":[113,133,168,181],"(2018\u20132023;":[114],"~43,800":[115],"samples":[116],"across":[117],"13":[118],"control":[119],"areas);":[120],"(2)":[122],"15-minute":[123],"wind,":[124],"solar,":[125],"Chinese":[131],"provincial":[132],"(2020\u20132022;":[134],"~105,000":[135],"samples).":[136],"Both":[137],"datasets":[138],"span":[139],"diverse":[140],"weather":[141],"seasonal":[143],"conditions,":[144],"enabling":[145],"robust":[146],"model\u2019s":[150],"generalization.":[151],"Experimental":[152],"results":[153],"showed":[154],"our":[156],"proposed":[157,171],"several":[160],"baseline":[161],"evaluated":[164],"datasets.":[169],"aggregates":[175],"dependencies":[177],"topology":[182],"through":[183],"convolutional":[185],"(GCNs)":[187],"utilizes":[189],"multi-head":[191],"self-attention":[192],"long-term":[196],"dynamics.":[198],"On":[199],"dataset,":[202],"this":[203],"reduces":[205],"mean":[207],"squared":[208],"error":[209],"(MSE)":[210],"0.1089":[212],"0.0823":[214],"LSTM":[217],"baseline,":[218],"relative":[220],"reduction":[221],"24.4%,":[223],"which":[224],"is":[225],"significantly":[226],"better":[227],"than":[228],"existing":[229],"methods.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}