{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2048443598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3138/carto-v42-1-065","title":"Geographic Information Systems as Media and Society: Does GIS Wear a White or Black Stetson?","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems as Media and Society: Does GIS Wear a White or Black Stetson?","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2048443598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3138/carto-v42-1-065","mag":"2048443598"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3138/carto-v42-1-065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3138/carto-v42-1-065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30806240","display_name":"Cartographica The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization","issn_l":"0317-7173","issn":["0317-7173","1911-9925"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320517","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320517","https://openalex.org/P4310313000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Toronto Press","University of Toronto"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cartographica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071551167","display_name":"William Crumplin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52353378","display_name":"Laurentian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rcwtr18","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52353378"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William W. Crumplin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography / Laurentian University / Sudbury / ON / Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography / Laurentian University / Sudbury / ON / Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52353378"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071551167"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52353378"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8519,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92935688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"1","first_page":"65","last_page":"86"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12343","display_name":"Geography Education and Pedagogy","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.6805167198181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gis-applications","display_name":"GIS applications","score":0.5146756768226624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.5116141438484192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.45653825998306274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white","display_name":"White (mutation)","score":0.4552437961101532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4440057873725891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies","display_name":"Media studies","score":0.32581356167793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1816692054271698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16973638534545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.12814760208129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.08926364779472351}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.6805167198181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56321713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"GIS applications","level":3,"score":0.5146756768226624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5116141438484192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.45653825998306274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.4552437961101532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4440057873725891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.32581356167793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1816692054271698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16973638534545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.12814760208129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08926364779472351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3138/carto-v42-1-065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3138/carto-v42-1-065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30806240","display_name":"Cartographica The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization","issn_l":"0317-7173","issn":["0317-7173","1911-9925"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320517","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320517","https://openalex.org/P4310313000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Toronto Press","University of Toronto"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cartographica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W218016492","https://openalex.org/W606719230","https://openalex.org/W619481593","https://openalex.org/W631714481","https://openalex.org/W634879351","https://openalex.org/W659595770","https://openalex.org/W1521336379","https://openalex.org/W1528531991","https://openalex.org/W1573081940","https://openalex.org/W1573608150","https://openalex.org/W1683258029","https://openalex.org/W1850308664","https://openalex.org/W1968151625","https://openalex.org/W1970235209","https://openalex.org/W1973465224","https://openalex.org/W1975522069","https://openalex.org/W1983464495","https://openalex.org/W1983693880","https://openalex.org/W1987930784","https://openalex.org/W1992809435","https://openalex.org/W1994795213","https://openalex.org/W1995467171","https://openalex.org/W1997133303","https://openalex.org/W1997935754","https://openalex.org/W1998890051","https://openalex.org/W1999161166","https://openalex.org/W2005073501","https://openalex.org/W2017559189","https://openalex.org/W2026384366","https://openalex.org/W2032579567","https://openalex.org/W2037151904","https://openalex.org/W2047615172","https://openalex.org/W2051973864","https://openalex.org/W2059346072","https://openalex.org/W2063957683","https://openalex.org/W2083177265","https://openalex.org/W2086609895","https://openalex.org/W2087999014","https://openalex.org/W2094775786","https://openalex.org/W2095821344","https://openalex.org/W2116567764","https://openalex.org/W2120768977","https://openalex.org/W2127990839","https://openalex.org/W2141167682","https://openalex.org/W2141242739","https://openalex.org/W2147741923","https://openalex.org/W2316675135","https://openalex.org/W2320684075","https://openalex.org/W2512173100","https://openalex.org/W2937274607","https://openalex.org/W2948237140","https://openalex.org/W2986580861","https://openalex.org/W4206761194","https://openalex.org/W4212785035","https://openalex.org/W4213376117","https://openalex.org/W4252412556","https://openalex.org/W4253132305","https://openalex.org/W4300213715"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045232354","https://openalex.org/W2209631380","https://openalex.org/W2137278606","https://openalex.org/W1491406918","https://openalex.org/W653996709","https://openalex.org/W3018963510","https://openalex.org/W3043330038","https://openalex.org/W2003875241","https://openalex.org/W4205665237","https://openalex.org/W2050484332"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"has":[1,33],"been":[2,34],"much":[3],"debate":[4],"over":[5],"the":[6,30,89,103,114,131,138,179,183],"last":[7],"10":[8],"to":[9,43,152],"15":[10],"years":[11],"focused":[12],"on":[13],"whether":[14],"GIS":[15,49,66,74,132,142,158,180,192,194],"are":[16,59,67,86,186],"objective":[17],"neutral":[18],"tools":[19],"or":[20,26,148],"serve":[21],"as":[22,133,143],"agents":[23],"of":[24,47,73,82,120,125,141,146,157,182,191],"corporate":[25],"state":[27],"interests.":[28],"Despite":[29],"arguments,":[31],"there":[32],"no":[35],"clear":[36],"and":[37,52,56,69,113,127,155,163,171,174,178,193],"decisive":[38],"outcome,":[39],"leading":[40],"some":[41],"scholars":[42],"seek":[44],"different":[45],"ways":[46],"contextualizing":[48],"development,":[50],"use,":[51],"research;":[53],"Daniel":[54],"Sui":[55,126],"Michael":[57],"Goodchild":[58],"two":[60,107],"such":[61],"scholars.":[62],"They":[63],"claim":[64],"that":[65,159,185],"media":[68,134],"that,":[70],"therefore,":[71],"investigations":[72],"can":[75,162],"be":[76],"informed":[77],"by":[78,98],"Marshall":[79],"McLuhan's":[80],"theories":[81],"media.":[83],"Their":[84],"findings":[85],"compelling":[87],"at":[88,102],"macro":[90],"scale.":[91],"This":[92],"paper":[93],"builds":[94],"upon":[95],"their":[96],"work":[97],"applying":[99],"this":[100,121],"concept":[101],"micro":[104],"level":[105],"in":[106,111,116,168],"case":[108],"studies:":[109],"one":[110],"India":[112],"other":[115],"Minneapolis.":[117],"The":[118],"results":[119],"analysis":[122],"support":[123],"those":[124],"Goodchild.":[128],"Therefore,":[129],"using":[130],"tetrad":[135],"(a)":[136],"underscores":[137],"growing":[139],"importance":[140],"modern":[144],"forms":[145],"communication":[147],"media;":[149],"(b)":[150],"illustrates":[151],"developers,":[153],"users,":[154],"critics":[156],"GIS-based":[160],"decisions":[161],"do":[164],"affect":[165],"specific":[166],"people":[167],"both":[169],"positive":[170],"negative":[172],"ways;":[173],"(c)":[175],"reminds":[176],"society":[177],"community":[181],"\u201creversals\u201d":[184],"possible":[187],"from":[188],"unquestioned":[189],"adoption":[190],"technologies.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
