{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985017990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3138/carto-v42-1-053","title":"The Face Symbol: Research Issues and Cartographic Potential","display_name":"The Face Symbol: Research Issues and Cartographic Potential","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985017990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3138/carto-v42-1-053","mag":"1985017990"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3138/carto-v42-1-053","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3138/carto-v42-1-053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30806240","display_name":"Cartographica The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization","issn_l":"0317-7173","issn":["0317-7173","1911-9925"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320517","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320517","https://openalex.org/P4310313000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Toronto Press","University of Toronto"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cartographica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/E_Nelson_Face_2007.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085609217","display_name":"Elisabeth S. Nelson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2290-1604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","ror":"https://ror.org/04fnxsj42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elisabeth S. Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography / University of North Carolina at Greensboro / Greensboro / NC / USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography / University of North Carolina at Greensboro / Greensboro / NC / USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085609217"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7362,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77032002,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"1","first_page":"53","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.9713000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.8956732749938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salience","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","score":0.8190712928771973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5730942487716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.5265306234359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5156298875808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.43202313780784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4129030108451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39059388637542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.38354095816612244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3823891878128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.21201050281524658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.06592598557472229}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.8956732749938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108154423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","level":2,"score":0.8190712928771973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5730942487716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5265306234359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5156298875808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.43202313780784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4129030108451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39059388637542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.38354095816612244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3823891878128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.21201050281524658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.06592598557472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3138/carto-v42-1-053","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3138/carto-v42-1-053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30806240","display_name":"Cartographica The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization","issn_l":"0317-7173","issn":["0317-7173","1911-9925"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320517","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320517","https://openalex.org/P4310313000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Toronto Press","University of Toronto"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cartographica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:libres.uncg.edu/5311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/E_Nelson_Face_2007.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401856","display_name":"NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:libres.uncg.edu/5311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/E_Nelson_Face_2007.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401856","display_name":"NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1985017990.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1985017990.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168952","https://openalex.org/W4056941","https://openalex.org/W45265381","https://openalex.org/W84997076","https://openalex.org/W1496610980","https://openalex.org/W1536734378","https://openalex.org/W1622945079","https://openalex.org/W1973762760","https://openalex.org/W1977554562","https://openalex.org/W1989635662","https://openalex.org/W1991760336","https://openalex.org/W2001825181","https://openalex.org/W2008416172","https://openalex.org/W2026070826","https://openalex.org/W2034611273","https://openalex.org/W2046974506","https://openalex.org/W2069506214","https://openalex.org/W2090294986","https://openalex.org/W2125334673","https://openalex.org/W2130666531","https://openalex.org/W2143824685","https://openalex.org/W2149786896","https://openalex.org/W2151834591","https://openalex.org/W2155446637","https://openalex.org/W2158307450","https://openalex.org/W2161468427","https://openalex.org/W2161469100","https://openalex.org/W2161938098","https://openalex.org/W2166230551","https://openalex.org/W2267012242","https://openalex.org/W2481667797","https://openalex.org/W4237961478","https://openalex.org/W4238306122","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4289259403"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389793738","https://openalex.org/W2376208682","https://openalex.org/W2924107927","https://openalex.org/W2368886944","https://openalex.org/W4390358280","https://openalex.org/W2611966483","https://openalex.org/W4240806619","https://openalex.org/W2393670364","https://openalex.org/W2350585023","https://openalex.org/W3002960563"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"face":[1,76],"symbol,":[2],"developed":[3],"by":[4],"Herman":[5],"Chernoff":[6],"(1973)":[7],",":[8],"is":[9,47,98],"possibly":[10],"the":[11,17,48,59,67,80,85,89,94],"seminal":[12],"multivariate":[13],"point":[14],"symbol.":[15,164],"Cartographically,":[16],"symbol":[18,38,119,135],"has":[19,27],"made":[20],"an":[21],"appearance":[22],"several":[23],"times,":[24],"but":[25],"it":[26],"often":[28],"been":[29],"criticized":[30],"because":[31],"designers":[32],"tend":[33],"to":[34,63,74,88,118,157],"ignore":[35],"two":[36],"key":[37],"parameters:":[39],"feature":[40,102,138],"salience":[41,46,103,139],"and":[42,104,140,146,148],"natural":[43,105,141],"correspondence.":[44],"Feature":[45],"concept":[49],"of":[50,84,93,113,162],"perceptually":[51],"ordering":[52],"facial":[53],"features":[54],"from":[55],"those":[56,64],"that":[57,65,79,101,154],"produce":[58,66],"most":[60],"noticeable":[61,69],"changes":[62],"least":[68],"changes.":[70],"Natural":[71],"correspondence":[72,106],"refers":[73],"designing":[75],"symbols":[77,86,125],"so":[78],"overall":[81,90],"attitudinal":[82],"labels":[83],"correspond":[87],"physical":[91],"meaning":[92],"mapped":[95],"data.":[96],"It":[97],"argued":[99],"here":[100],"may":[107,155],"be":[108],"treated":[109],"as":[110],"special":[111],"cases":[112],"visual":[114],"attention":[115],"in":[116],"relation":[117],"design.":[120],"From":[121],"this":[122,163],"perspective,":[123],"these":[124],"deserve":[126],"a":[127],"new":[128],"look":[129],"cartographically.":[130],"This":[131],"research":[132],"reports":[133],"on":[134,150],"variations,":[136],"explores":[137],"correspondence,":[142],"addresses":[143],"user":[144],"environments":[145],"tasks,":[147],"speculates":[149],"future":[151],"experimental":[152],"designs":[153],"lead":[156],"more":[158],"effective":[159],"map":[160],"use":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}