{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057792428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3138/4383-1643-r163-6r25","title":"Understanding through Structure: The Challenges of Information and Navigation Architecture in Cybercartography","display_name":"Understanding through Structure: The Challenges of Information and Navigation Architecture in Cybercartography","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057792428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3138/4383-1643-r163-6r25","mag":"2057792428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3138/4383-1643-r163-6r25","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3138/4383-1643-r163-6r25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30806240","display_name":"Cartographica The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization","issn_l":"0317-7173","issn":["0317-7173","1911-9925"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320517","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320517","https://openalex.org/P4310313000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Toronto Press","University of Toronto"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cartographica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089632196","display_name":"Avi Parush","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4435-8576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avi Parush","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Oriented Technology Lab / Department of Psychology / Carleton University / Ottawa / ON / Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Oriented Technology Lab / Department of Psychology / Carleton University / Ottawa / ON / Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035557735","display_name":"Peter Pulsifer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9561-3640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Pulsifer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geomatics & Cartographic Research Centre / Department of Geography & Environmental Studies / Carleton University / Ottawa / ON / Canada","Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre / Department of Geography and Environmental Studies / Carleton University / Ottawa / ON / Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geomatics & Cartographic Research Centre / Department of Geography & Environmental Studies / Carleton University / Ottawa / ON / Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre / Department of Geography and Environmental Studies / Carleton University / Ottawa / ON / Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071207892","display_name":"Karen Philp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen Philp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Oriented Technology Lab / Department of Psychology / Carleton University / Ottawa / ON / Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Oriented Technology Lab / Department of Psychology / Carleton University / Ottawa / ON / Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046365300","display_name":"Greg Dunn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg Dunn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Oriented Technology Lab / Department of Psychology / Carleton University / Ottawa / ON / Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Oriented Technology Lab / Department of Psychology / Carleton University / Ottawa / ON / Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95729863,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"1","first_page":"21","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7857165336608887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.683305561542511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6193782091140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-architecture","display_name":"Information architecture","score":0.6053357124328613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.5182009339332581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.4498150646686554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4439292848110199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-needs","display_name":"Information needs","score":0.4370335638523102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-structure","display_name":"Information structure","score":0.41833531856536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.39335930347442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.384223073720932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.330480694770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3268500864505768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.28944170475006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22781962156295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-information-systems","display_name":"Management information systems","score":0.13691362738609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09187713265419006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7857165336608887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.683305561542511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6193782091140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133077976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845921","display_name":"Information architecture","level":4,"score":0.6053357124328613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.5182009339332581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4498150646686554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4439292848110199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78999398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2899888","display_name":"Information needs","level":2,"score":0.4370335638523102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779954242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031227","display_name":"Information structure","level":2,"score":0.41833531856536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.39335930347442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.384223073720932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.330480694770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3268500864505768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.28944170475006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22781962156295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29848774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61905","display_name":"Management information systems","level":3,"score":0.13691362738609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09187713265419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3138/4383-1643-r163-6r25","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3138/4383-1643-r163-6r25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30806240","display_name":"Cartographica The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization","issn_l":"0317-7173","issn":["0317-7173","1911-9925"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320517","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320517","https://openalex.org/P4310313000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Toronto Press","University of Toronto"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cartographica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1436520","https://openalex.org/W15726484","https://openalex.org/W28162607","https://openalex.org/W142969493","https://openalex.org/W166322005","https://openalex.org/W173501087","https://openalex.org/W195920004","https://openalex.org/W208005647","https://openalex.org/W586078333","https://openalex.org/W655606892","https://openalex.org/W1486641335","https://openalex.org/W1513248649","https://openalex.org/W1516293359","https://openalex.org/W1517891276","https://openalex.org/W1527096015","https://openalex.org/W1527749903","https://openalex.org/W1530162484","https://openalex.org/W1537172319","https://openalex.org/W1561025414","https://openalex.org/W1574624437","https://openalex.org/W1606785137","https://openalex.org/W1607887003","https://openalex.org/W1972682507","https://openalex.org/W1973465224","https://openalex.org/W1975186553","https://openalex.org/W2018442257","https://openalex.org/W2019844318","https://openalex.org/W2024053323","https://openalex.org/W2026774796","https://openalex.org/W2034841631","https://openalex.org/W2046962742","https://openalex.org/W2065760581","https://openalex.org/W2067949175","https://openalex.org/W2068023379","https://openalex.org/W2106731737","https://openalex.org/W2120482395","https://openalex.org/W2153104460","https://openalex.org/W2159327323","https://openalex.org/W2372670202","https://openalex.org/W2492451278","https://openalex.org/W2799144763","https://openalex.org/W2914587126","https://openalex.org/W4238998169","https://openalex.org/W4250492421","https://openalex.org/W4254094886","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300095264","https://openalex.org/W4388134939"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2931688134","https://openalex.org/W2377919138","https://openalex.org/W2378857091","https://openalex.org/W4256502920","https://openalex.org/W103652678","https://openalex.org/W2999756192","https://openalex.org/W2461263520","https://openalex.org/W1963775570","https://openalex.org/W2392210362","https://openalex.org/W3178401401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,76,93,138],"information-rich":[1],"environments":[2],"suggested":[3],"by":[4,178],"the":[5,13,54,126,134,156,163,167,179,191,196],"concept":[6],"of":[7,17,38,50,115,140,158,162,190,201],"cybercartography":[8],"present":[9],"new":[10,23,159],"challenges":[11,24],"to":[12],"design":[14],"and":[15,32,90,194],"display":[16],"interactive":[18],"geographically":[19],"oriented":[20],"information.":[21],"These":[22],"revolve":[25],"around":[26],"two":[27],"basic":[28,164],"issues:":[29],"information":[30,33,39,66,74,80,99,116,131,151,173,180,192],"architecture":[31,67,132,152,174,193],"navigation":[34,185],"models.":[35],"A":[36,64],"variety":[37],"architectures":[40],"are":[41,102,119],"discussed":[42],"in":[43,73],"this":[44],"article,":[45],"along":[46],"with":[47],"an":[48,149,172],"analysis":[49],"topologies":[51],"such":[52,82,112,171],"as":[53,83],"hierarchy":[55],"(tree),":[56],"linear":[57],"sequence,":[58],"matrix":[59],"(grid),":[60],"web-like,":[61],"or":[62,108],"hybrid.":[63,110],"three-tier":[65],"model":[68],"is":[69,145],"proposed":[70],"that":[71,101,146,153],"varies":[72],"granularity.":[75],"high-granularity":[77],"level":[78,95,114,128],"includes":[79,96,129],"units":[81,100],"maps,":[84],"articles,":[85],"images,":[86],"animations,":[87],"video":[88],"clips,":[89],"data":[91],"graphs.":[92],"medium-granularity":[94],"integrated":[97],"functional":[98,136],"topical,":[103],"task":[104],"oriented,":[105],"audience":[106],"specific,":[107],"a":[109,113,122,198],"At":[111],"units,":[117],"maps":[118],"no":[120],"longer":[121],"stand-alone":[123],"element.":[124],"Finally,":[125],"low-granularity":[127],"top-level":[130],"linking":[133],"various":[135],"units.":[137],"advantage":[139],"these":[141],"three":[142],"granularity":[143],"levels":[144],"they":[147],"enable":[148],"adaptable":[150],"can":[154,175,187],"accommodate":[155],"addition":[157],"content":[160],"composed":[161],"elements.":[165],"While":[166],"way":[168],"users":[169],"navigate":[170],"be":[176,188],"prescribed":[177],"structure,":[181],"we":[182],"demonstrate":[183],"how":[184],"schemes":[186],"independent":[189],"offer":[195],"user":[197],"greater":[199],"diversity":[200],"interaction.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}