{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4230916832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1072017.1072030","title":"BBN","display_name":"BBN","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4230916832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1072017.1072030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1072017.1072030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1072017.1072030","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1072017.1072030","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th conference on Message understanding  - MUC5 '93","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1072017.1072030","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011618765","display_name":"Ralph Weischedel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ralph Weischedel","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004708473","display_name":"Tsutomu Sakai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsutomu Sakai","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002850804","display_name":"June Abe","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"June Abe","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081148405","display_name":"Hiroto Hosihi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroto Hosihi","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101573752","display_name":"Yoichi Miyamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2234-4571"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoichi Miyamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073335566","display_name":"Scott J. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7817-1318"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004004876","display_name":"Damaris Ayuso","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damaris Ayuso","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026968192","display_name":"Sean Boisen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-9379"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Boisen","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035168981","display_name":"Heidi Fox","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heidi Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013477288","display_name":"Robert Ingria","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Ingria","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005172321","display_name":"Tomoyoshi Matsukawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomoyoshi Matsukawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Constantine Papageorgiou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Constantine Papageorgiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001809748","display_name":"Dawn MacLaughlin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawn MacLaughlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031871429","display_name":"Masaichiro Kitagawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaichiro Kitagawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011618765"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37117832,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"93","last_page":"93"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.7853559851646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7758579850196838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.6677217483520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.6231715083122253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5343303680419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.528515100479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.436817467212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0863727331161499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.7853559851646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7758579850196838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6677217483520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6231715083122253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5343303680419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.528515100479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.436817467212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0863727331161499}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1072017.1072030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1072017.1072030","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1072017.1072030","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th conference on Message understanding  - MUC5 '93","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1072017.1072030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1072017.1072030","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1072017.1072030","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th conference on Message understanding  - MUC5 '93","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4230916832.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4230916832.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985736442","https://openalex.org/W2048179523","https://openalex.org/W6646924596","https://openalex.org/W6998886126"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313320911","https://openalex.org/W4327743144","https://openalex.org/W4245077728","https://openalex.org/W2607424049","https://openalex.org/W4390922876","https://openalex.org/W3183204001","https://openalex.org/W4206302830","https://openalex.org/W2185941092","https://openalex.org/W4386782890","https://openalex.org/W3210948575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"approaches":[1],"to":[2,57],"the":[3,55],"problem":[4],"of":[5,28,52,66],"extracting":[6],"data":[7],"from":[8],"texts":[9],"have":[10],"emphasized":[11],"hand-crafted":[12],"linguistic":[13,41],"knowledge.":[14],"In":[15],"contrast,":[16],"BBN's":[17],"PLUM":[18],"system":[19],"(Probabilistic":[20],"Language":[21],"Understanding":[22],"Model)":[23],"was":[24],"developed":[25],"as":[26],"part":[27],"an":[29],"ARPA-funded":[30],"research":[31,44],"effort":[32],"on":[33,63],"integrating":[34],"probabilistic":[35],"language":[36],"models":[37],"with":[38],"more":[39,49,71,77,83],"traditional":[40],"techniques.":[42],"Our":[43],"and":[45,68],"development":[46,51],"goals":[47],"are:\u2022":[48],"rapid":[50],"new":[53],"applications,\u2022":[54],"ability":[56],"train":[58],"(and":[59],"re-train)":[60],"systems":[61],"based":[62],"user":[64],"markings":[65],"correct":[67],"incorrect":[69],"output,\u2022":[70],"accurate":[72],"selection":[73],"among":[74],"interpretations":[75],"when":[76,87],"than":[78],"one":[79],"is":[80],"found,":[81],"and\u2022":[82],"robust":[84],"partial":[85],"interpretation":[86,90],"no":[88],"complete":[89],"can":[91],"be":[92],"found.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2022-05-11T00:00:00"}
