{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2250399378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/w15-1618","title":"What I\u2019ve learned about annotating informal text (and why you shouldn\u2019t take my word for it)","display_name":"What I\u2019ve learned about annotating informal text (and why you shouldn\u2019t take my word for it)","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2250399378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/w15-1618","mag":"2250399378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/w15-1618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/w15-1618","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/W15-1618.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of The 9th Linguistic Annotation Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/W15-1618.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014008069","display_name":"Nathan Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-0533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014008069"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4314,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77424888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"152","last_page":"157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.8367729783058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7915002107620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6682162880897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6590836048126221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theme","display_name":"Theme (computing)","score":0.6496858596801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjunction","display_name":"Conjunction (astronomy)","score":0.6191893219947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6108489036560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.5787129998207092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5676705241203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4835233688354492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.4015844464302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2795875668525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09367638826370239}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.8367729783058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7915002107620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6682162880897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6590836048126221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33566652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065927","display_name":"Theme (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6496858596801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59656382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191536","display_name":"Conjunction (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.6191893219947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6108489036560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.5787129998207092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5676705241203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4835233688354492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4015844464302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2795875668525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09367638826370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/w15-1618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/w15-1618","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/W15-1618.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of The 9th Linguistic Annotation Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/w15-1618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/w15-1618","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/W15-1618.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of The 9th Linguistic Annotation Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2250399378.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2250399378.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153277182","https://openalex.org/W560371024","https://openalex.org/W655994999","https://openalex.org/W1555587483","https://openalex.org/W1586073462","https://openalex.org/W1632114991","https://openalex.org/W1970381522","https://openalex.org/W2006873020","https://openalex.org/W2076018040","https://openalex.org/W2101461018","https://openalex.org/W2129494713","https://openalex.org/W2133853925","https://openalex.org/W2143995218","https://openalex.org/W2145739710","https://openalex.org/W2146867876","https://openalex.org/W2153848201","https://openalex.org/W2157765050","https://openalex.org/W2251818274","https://openalex.org/W2295951612","https://openalex.org/W2914331073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573992054","https://openalex.org/W1599690842","https://openalex.org/W2753053412","https://openalex.org/W2665157442","https://openalex.org/W3108840034","https://openalex.org/W4388169484","https://openalex.org/W2363259562","https://openalex.org/W3036937347","https://openalex.org/W3149224203","https://openalex.org/W2914339338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"conjunction":[1],"with":[2,36,51],"this":[3,112],"year\u2019s":[4],"LAW":[5],"theme,":[6],"\u201cSyntactic":[7],"Annotation":[8],"of":[9,32,39,54,62,107],"Non-canonical":[10],"Language\u201d":[11],"(NCL),":[12],"I":[13,103],"have":[14],"been":[15],"asked":[16],"to":[17,28,73],"weigh":[18],"in":[19,114],"on":[20],"several":[21],"important":[22],"questions":[23,118],"faced":[24],"by":[25],"anyone":[26],"wishing":[27],"create":[29],"annotated":[30],"resources":[31],"NCLs.":[33],"My":[34],"experience":[35],"syntactic":[37,60],"annotation":[38,69,120],"noncanonical":[40],"language":[41],"falls":[42],"under":[43],"an":[44,56],"effort":[45],"undertaken":[46],"at":[47],"Carnegie":[48],"Mellon":[49],"University":[50],"the":[52,108,116],"aim":[53],"building":[55],"NLP":[57],"pipeline":[58],"for":[59,80,93],"analysis":[61],"Twitter":[63],"text.":[64],"We":[65],"designed":[66],"a":[67],"linguistically-grounded":[68],"scheme,":[70],"applied":[71],"it":[72],"tweets,":[74],"and":[75],"then":[76,92],"trained":[77],"statistical":[78],"analyzers\u2014first":[79],"part-of-speech":[81],"(POS)":[82],"tags":[83],"(Gimpel":[84],"et":[85,89,96,100],"al.,":[86,90,97,101],"2011;":[87],"Owoputi":[88],"2012),":[91],"parses":[94],"(Schneider":[95],"2013;":[98],"Kong":[99],"2014).":[102],"will":[104],"review":[105],"some":[106],"salient":[109],"points":[110],"from":[111],"work":[113],"addressing":[115],"broader":[117],"about":[119],"methodology.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}