{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2250904723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/w14-3904","title":"Exploration of the Impact of Maximum Entropy in Recurrent Neural Network Language Models for Code-Switching Speech","display_name":"Exploration of the Impact of Maximum Entropy in Recurrent Neural Network Language Models for Code-Switching Speech","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2250904723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/w14-3904","mag":"2250904723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/w14-3904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/w14-3904","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/W14-3904.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the First Workshop on Computational Approaches to Code Switching","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/W14-3904.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020700841","display_name":"Ngoc Thang Vu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7893-9147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngoc Thang Vu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),","University of Munich (LMU), Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Munich (LMU), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058049725","display_name":"Tanja Schultz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-7028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tanja Schultz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058049725"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6914,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88386993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"34","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8261843323707581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-switching","display_name":"Code-switching","score":0.759899377822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.7018106579780579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6609808802604675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.6579057574272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.648179292678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-maximum-entropy","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","score":0.6079584360122681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5077820420265198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.49600133299827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4869188070297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4586702585220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4471926987171173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-delay-neural-network","display_name":"Time delay neural network","score":0.4169505834579468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.18212220072746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.06842264533042908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8261843323707581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18552078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255615","display_name":"Code-switching","level":2,"score":0.759899377822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.7018106579780579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6609808802604675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.6579057574272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.648179292678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.6079584360122681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5077820420265198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.49600133299827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4869188070297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4586702585220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4471926987171173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175202392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434543","display_name":"Time delay neural network","level":3,"score":0.4169505834579468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18212220072746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.06842264533042908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/w14-3904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/w14-3904","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/W14-3904.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the First Workshop on Computational Approaches to Code Switching","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.671.3773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.671.3773","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W14/W14-3904.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/w14-3904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/w14-3904","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/W14-3904.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the First Workshop on Computational Approaches to Code Switching","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2250904723.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2250904723.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118155631","https://openalex.org/W121747529","https://openalex.org/W164793848","https://openalex.org/W179875071","https://openalex.org/W761725120","https://openalex.org/W1524333225","https://openalex.org/W1604771987","https://openalex.org/W1631260214","https://openalex.org/W1632114991","https://openalex.org/W1965154800","https://openalex.org/W2013489815","https://openalex.org/W2034585809","https://openalex.org/W2049907881","https://openalex.org/W2098355803","https://openalex.org/W2100506586","https://openalex.org/W2110415041","https://openalex.org/W2145867197","https://openalex.org/W2153433699","https://openalex.org/W2168708086","https://openalex.org/W2171928131","https://openalex.org/W2295078202","https://openalex.org/W2405047074","https://openalex.org/W2407682997","https://openalex.org/W4230872509","https://openalex.org/W4251217171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2771594921","https://openalex.org/W2432897346","https://openalex.org/W2181336723","https://openalex.org/W4389976243","https://openalex.org/W3158134258","https://openalex.org/W3138119129","https://openalex.org/W4378651134","https://openalex.org/W2047632477","https://openalex.org/W2348831507","https://openalex.org/W2888189389"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"our":[3],"latest":[4],"investigations":[5],"of":[6,27,45,56],"the":[7,25,43,46,64],"jointly":[8],"trained":[9],"maximum":[10,47],"entropy":[11,48],"and":[12,30,74],"recurrent":[13,35,65],"neural":[14,36,66],"network":[15,37,67],"language":[16,31,38,68],"models":[17,39],"for":[18,40],"Code-Switching":[19,72,80],"speech.":[20],"First,":[21],"we":[22,60],"explore":[23],"extensively":[24],"integration":[26],"part-of-speech":[28],"tags":[29],"identifier":[32],"information":[33],"in":[34],"Code-Switching.":[41],"Second,":[42],"importance":[44],"model":[49,69],"is":[50],"demonstrated":[51],"along":[52],"with":[53],"a":[54],"various":[55],"experimental":[57],"results.":[58],"Finally,":[59],"propose":[61],"to":[62,70,77],"adapt":[63],"different":[71],"behaviors":[73],"use":[75],"them":[76],"generate":[78],"artificial":[79],"text":[81],"data.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
